Cabaran Kesukarelawanan dan Strategi Daya Tindak Sukarelawan Senior di Malaysia Berpandukan Pendekatan Fenomenologi

Isabela Senti Rijeng, Khadijah Alavi

Abstract


Kesukarelawanan senior merupakan satu bentuk aktiviti menua secara produktif yang memberi manfaat kepada kesejahteraan dan kualiti hidup warga emas. Namun begitu, pengetahuan mengenai penyertaan warga emas dalam aktiviti kesukarelawanan di Malaysia masih pada tahap yang rendah.  Selain itu, sukarelawan senior juga tidak terkecuali daripada berhadapan dengan pelbagai cabaran yang berpotensi mempengaruhi minat dan kekerapan penglibatan untuk meneruskan aktiviti ini. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memahami cabaran kesukarelawanan yang dihadapi oleh sukarelawan senior sepanjang menjalankan kerja sukarela dan strategi daya tindak yang digunakan untuk mengatasi cabaran yang dihadapi. Kajian ini mengguna pakai rekabentuk kualitatif berdasarkan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik persampelan bertujuan dan bola salji telah digunakan untuk mengenal pasti dan menemubual 19 orang sukarelawan senior berumur 60 tahun ke atas yang menjalankan kerja sukarela secara formal dan informal sekurang-kurangnya 12 bulan di negeri Kedah, Perak, Sarawak, Selangor, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya. Data kajian ditranskrip verbatim dan dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan perisian NVivo. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat tiga cabaran utama kesukarelawanan iaitu: (1) komitmen masa; (2) stigma dan persepsi; dan (3) pengurusan organisasi sukarela manakala strategi daya tindak yang digunakan untuk mengatasi cabaran ini ialah (1) pengurusan masa efektif (2) kebergantungan terhadap sistem sokongan; dan (3) pemilihan aktiviti secara selektif. Penemuan daripada kajian ini dapat menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai landskap kesukarelawanan senior di Malaysia. Hasil  kajian ini memberi implikasi dasar dan praktikal yang menyumbang kepada usaha untuk merekrut, membangun dan memperkasakan daya tahan sukarelawan senior dalam jangka masa panjang.

Kata kunci: Cabaran; strategi daya tindak; sukarelawan; warga emas; fenomenologi


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References


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