Keberkesanan Program Bandar Selamat: Persepsi Komuniti di Bandar Kulaijaya, Malaysia (The Effectiveness of Safe City Program: Community perceptions in Kulaijaya, Malaysia)
Abstract
Safe City Program is the approach used in most cities in Malaysia to overcome the problem of escalating crime in urban areas. This program focuses on the implementation of 15 measures of crime prevention through environmental design strategies, empowering the safe city of the target area, and the strategies of management, community involvement and public awareness. The city of Kulaijaya under the Kulai Municipal Council (MPKu) has implemented this program since 2004. Implementation of the Safe City Program provides relief to everyone, especially to the urban community of MPKu. However, the crime statistics index released by the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) for the years 2005 to 2009, show that crime rate in Kulaijaya was at an alarming rate. The question lies weather 15 measures of crime prevention in Safe City Program can reduce the crime in the city? Therefore, this study aims to identify the effectiveness of the Safe City Program conducted in the city of Kulaijaya. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Safe City Program is based on community perceptions. Questionnaires were used to obtain community perceptions on the effectiveness of Safe City Program, where 278 questionnaires were distributed. The study found out that some of the crime prevention measures in Safe City Program are not effective in reducing the crime problem in this city. The problem that was detected and indirectly obtained from this study is the existence of gambling premises which operate openly in most of the shopping mall in this city.
Keywords: Safe city program; crime prevention; urban; community; perception
ABSTRAK
Program Bandar Selamat merupakan pendekatan yang digunakan di kebanyakan bandar di Malaysia bagi mengatasi masalah peningkatan jenayah di kawasan bandar. Program Bandar Selamat memberi tumpuan kepada pelaksanaan 15 langkah pencegahan jenayah melalui tiga strategi utama iaitu strategi mereka bentuk persekitaran fizikal, strategi memperkasakan kawasan sasaran serta strategi pengurusan, penyertaan komuniti dan kesedaran awam. Bandar Kulaijaya iaitu di bawah pentadbiran Majlis Perbandaran Kulai (MPKu) turut melaksanakan program ini sejak tahun 2004. Pelaksanaan Program Bandar Selamat ini seharusnya memberi kelegaan kepada semua pihak terutamanya kepada komuniti bandar rentetan usaha MPKu dalam mencegah kegiatan jenayah. Namun, perangkaan jenayah indeks yang dikeluarkan oleh Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) bagi tahun 2005 hingga 2009, menunjukkan kadar jenayah di Kulaijaya adalah pada tahap yang membimbangkan. Persoalan yang ingin dirungkaikan adalah sejauh manakah 15 langkah pencegahan jenayah Program Bandar Selamat berkesan dalam mengurangkan masalah jenayah di bandar ini? Justeru itu, artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti keberkesanan Program Bandar Selamat yang dijalankan di bandar Kulaijaya. Penilaian terhadap keberkesanan Program Bandar Selamat adalah berdasarkan kepada persepsi komuniti Kulaijaya. Instrumen borang kaji selidik digunakan bagi mendapatkan persepsi komuniti terhadap keberkesanan program tersebut dengan melibatkan 278 edaran borang kaji selidik. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat beberapa langkah pencegahan jenayah Program Bandar Selamat yang tidak berkesan dalam mengurangi masalah jenayah di Kulaijaya. Masalah serius yang dapat dikesan dan diperoleh secara tidak langsung daripada kajian ini adalah berkenaan lambakan pusat perjudian yang beroperasi secara terbuka di kebanyakan pusat membeli-belah di bandar ini.
Kata kunci: Program bandar selamat; pencegahan jenayah; komuniti; bandar; persepsi
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