Tahap Konsep Kendiri, Kesedaran Komuniti, Sokongan Sosial dan Pengintegrasian Sosial bagi Pesalah Muda di Malaysia (Level of Self-Concept, Sense of Community, Social Support and Social Integration among Young Offenders in Malaysia)

Abstract

Stigma merupakan suatu proses yang terbentuk apabila beberapa elemen utama seperti stereotaip, pelabelan, kehilangan status diri, pemisahan dan diskriminasi bergabung dengan situasi yang tertekan serta memberi kesan negatif yang mendalam terhadap proses komunikasi yang wujud di antara pesalah muda dengan ahli komuniti. Justeru, konsep kendiri, kesedaran komuniti, sokongan sosial dan pengintegrasian sosial yang tinggi amat diperlukan oleh pesalah muda untuk mengadaptasikan diri dalam komuniti bagi mengelakkan masalah keterasingan sosial akibat daripada sejarah keterlibatan dengan aktiviti jenayah. Oleh yang demikian, artikel ini disediakan bagi membincangkan mengenai tahap konsep kendiri, kesedaran komuniti, sokongan sosial dan pengintegrasian sosial bagi pesalah muda di Malaysia. Sebuah kajian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan-lintang telah dijalankan ke atas 306 pesalah muda yang sedang menjalani hukuman Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat di bawah pengawasan Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. Data kajian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan IMB for SPSS versi 23.0. Keputusan kajian mendapati bahawa tahap konsep kendiri (72.9%), kesedaran komuniti (55.2%), sokongan sosial (77.5%) dan pengintegrasian sosial (67.3%) bagi pesalah muda berada pada tahap sederhana. Dapatan kajian memberi implikasi terhadap keperluan pihak yang berkepentingan untuk merangka dan menambahbaik modul dan program-program pemulihan ke arah meningkatkan tahap konsep kendiri, kesedaran komuniti, sokongan sosial dan pengintegrasian sosial bagi pesalah muda di Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Konsep kendiri; kesedaran komuniti; sokongan sosial; pengintegrasian sosial; pesalah muda

Abstract

Stigma is a process that befalls when several crucial elements such as stereotyping, labeling, status loss, separation and discrimination co-occur together in a stressful situation which causes negative impacts on young offender’s interactions with the community members. Therefore young offenders are required to acquire a higher level of self-concept, sense of community, social support and social integration in order to adapt themselves in a community to avoid social isolation due to their criminal history. Thus, this article discusses the level of self-concept, sense of community, social support and social integration among young offenders in Malaysia. Data is collected using a quantitative approach based on cross-section survey design among 306 young offenders undergoing Community Service Order (CSO) initiated by the Social Welfare Department. The resultant data were analysed descriptively using IMB for SPSS version 23.0. The result indicates that the majority of young offenders demonstrated a moderate level of self-concept (72.9%), sense of community (55.2%), social support (77.5%) and social integration (67.3%). As an overall impact, the study provided implications to the concerned parties to formulate and contrive the module and rehabilitation programme in order to improvise the level of self-concept, sense of community, social support and social integration among young offenders in Malaysia.

Keywords: Self-concept; sense of community; social support; social integration; young offenders