Protes dan Akta Perhimpunan Aman: Satu analisis (Protest and the Peaceful Assembly Act: An analysis)

Zawiyah Mohd Zain

Abstract


Protes paling hebat dalam sejarah politik Malaysia adalah di bawah pemerintahan Mahathir Mohamad. Ia berlaku melalui gerakan reformasi pada tahun 1998. Pada zaman Najib Razak pula, rakyat menyuarakan ketidakpuasan hati terhadap beberapa isu yang menyebabkan protes jalanan terus berlaku. Antara protes tersebut ialah Gerakan Mansuhkan Akta Keselamatan Dalam Negeri, protes Bersih 2, Bersih 3 dan protes terhadap pelaksanaan cukai barangan dan perkhidmatan. Justeru itu, melalui Program Transformasi Kerajaan, Akta Perhimpunan Aman telah dikuatkuasakan pada tahun 2012 supaya rakyat dapat meluahkan ketidakpuasan hati secara aman. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji mengapa rakyat meluahkan ketidakpuasan hati kepada kerajaan melalui protes, dan adakah penggubalan Akta Perhimpunan Aman merupakan alternatif kepada protes. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan cara temu bual dan analisis kandungan. Informan terdiri daripada individu yang berpengalaman dalam bidang yang dikaji. Hasil kajian mendapati, protes merupakan kaedah yang mudah untuk rakyat meluahkan sesuatu isu kepada kerajaan kerana saluran komunikasi yang sedia ada untuk menghubungkan suara rakyat dengan kerajaan adalah lemah. Selain itu, perkembangan teknologi Internet khususnya media sosial turut menyumbang kepada protes tersebut. Mengenai Akta Perhimpunan Aman, masih terdapat beberapa isu yang dipersoalkan. Oleh itu, satu penambahbaikan perlu dilakukan supaya akta tersebut lebih komprehensif dan diterima umum.

 

Kata kunci: Akta Perhimpunan Aman, Bersih, kerajaan, Program Transformasi, protes, reformasi

 

The most powerful protest in the political history of Malaysia, was under the rule of Mahathir Mohamad. It happens through the ‘reformasi’ movement in 1998. During the Najib Razak’s ruling, the public has expressed dissatisfaction with some of the issues, which led to street protests continued to occur. Among others are the movement to abolish the Internal Security Act, Bersih 2,  Bersih 3 and protests against the implementation of good and services tax (GST). Thus, through the Government Transformation Programme, the Peaceful Assembly Act was enforced in 2012, which allows public to express their grievances peacefully. This article aims to examine why public expressed their dissatisfaction to the government through protest, and whether the drafting of the Peaceful Assembly Act is an alternative to the protest. This study used qualitative methods by interviews and content analysis. The informants of this study are individuals who are experienced in the field of study. The study found that the protest is a way to express an issue to the government as the existing communication channels to connect to the people and the government is weak. In addition, the development of Internet, particularly social media also has contributed to the protest. Regarding the Peaceful Assembly Act, there are still some issues to be questioned. Hence, an improvement is needed, so that the act is more comprehensive and widely accepted.

 

Keywords: Peaceful Assembly Act, Bersih, government, Government Transformation Programme, protest, reformasi


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