Sastera Rakyat daripada Perspektif Kearifan Tempatan dan Potensinya kepada Pelancongan Budaya di Sarawak (Folk Literature from the Perspective of Local Wisdom and Its Potential to the Cultural Tourism in Sarawak)

Dilah Tuah

Abstract


Sastera rakyat merupakan sebahagian daripada budaya rakyat yang merangkumi semua aspek kehidupan. Pada awalnya sastera rakyat atau sastera lisan tersebar dari mulut ke mulut sebelum ia diperturunkan daripada satu generasi ke satu generasi. Salah satu daripada sastera rakyat yang popular ialah cerita rakyat, kerana bentuknya yang bersifat universal dan hampir dimiliki oleh semua masyarakat di dunia. Di Sarawak, cerita-cerita rakyat etnik peribumi terdiri daripada cerita asal usul, mitos dan legenda sesuatu tempat yang sebahagianya merupakan destinasi pelancongan utama di negeri ini. Bertitik tolak daripada itu, penelitian ini dijalankan untuk mendapatkan data mutakhir potensi cerita rakyat daripada perspektif kearifan tempatan kepada industri pelancongan budaya di Sarawak. Bagi mendapatkan data kajian, kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif berasaskan analisis teks telah diguna pakai dalam kajian ini. Sebanyak empat buah cerita rakyat Sarawak daripada Antologi Cerita Rakyat Sarawak: Telichu dan Telichai (2020) terbitan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka telah dianalisis. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan cerita rakyat sememangnya berpotensi menjadi alat untuk mempromosikan pelancongan budaya di Sarawak. Selain itu, dapatan kajian menunjukkan nilai kearifan tempatan yang terkandung di dalam cerita-cerita rakyat Sarawak mempunyai nilai komersial yang mampu dipasarkan sehingga ke peringkat antarabangsa. Di sisi yang lain, kajian ini dapat dijadikan sumber rujukan kepada para pemegang taruh industri pelancongan Sarawak, dalam merangka strategi baharu bagi memajukan industri pelancongan budaya di negeri ini.

Kata kunci: sastera rakyat; cerita rakyat; kearifan tempatan; budaya; Sarawak

 

Abstract

 

Folk literature is part of the communal culture that comprises all aspects of life. Initially, folk literature or verbal literature spread via word of mouth before being passed down from one generation to another. One of the well-known folk literature is folklores due to its universal characteristics and exist in all communities across the world. In Sarawak, the folklores of indigenous ethnics consist of stories of their origin, myths, and legends of particular places that become major tourist destinations of the state. Thus, this study is conducted to gather the latest data on the potential of folklores to the cultural tourism industry in Sarawak from the perspective of local wisdom. The data collection procedure comprised qualitative research method via texts analysis. A total of four Sarawak folklores from the Sarawak Folklores Anthology: Telichu and Telichai (2020) published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka were analysed. The result shows that folklores have the potential of becoming a promotional tool for cultural tourism in Sarawak. Furthermore, the local wisdom contained in Sarawak folklores has commercial values that can be marketed to the international level. These findings serve as reference for stakeholders in the Sarawak tourism industry to formulate new strategies in order to further develop the local cultural tourism industry.

Keyword: Folk literature; folklores; local wisdom; culture; Sarawak


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdul Karim & Abdul Rahman. 2016. Sejarah Pengasasan dan Asal Usul Kerajaan Brunei Berdasarkan Sumber Lisan. PhD Thesis, University of Malaya.

Ahmad Ismail. 2018. Seronoknya Memerhati Burung. Utusan Malaysia, 9 March. Retrieved on:29 Jun 2021.

Ahmad Shawal Abdul Hamid. 1983. Hikayat Panglima Nikosa. Kuching: Persatuan Kesusasteraan Sarawak.

Ahmad Zamil Zakaria, Ismail Hafiz Salleh & Mohd Sabrizaa Abd Rashid. 2018. Malay garden as tourism product in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3(10): 89-98.

Alisa, F. & Ridho, Z. 2020. Sustainable Cultural Tourism Development: A Strategic for Revenue Generation in Local Communities. Journal of Economic and Tropical Life Science (JETLS) 4(2): 47-56.

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 2020. Antologi Cerita Rakyat Sarawak: Telichu dan Telichai. 2020. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Atikah Mohd Noor, Sharil Nizam Sha’ri & Rohaidah Kamaruddin. 2018. Nilai murni dalam cerita Sang Kancil. Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah 5(1): 92-102.

Awang Rozaimie, Rashidah Bolhassan, Regina Garai Abdullah & Aiza Johari. 2020. Conserving and Sustaining Culture through Sarawak Traditional Malay Woman Headscarves. International Journal of Service Management and Sustainability 5(1): 21-40.

Boz, M. 2020. Myths and Legends in Destination Tourism Marketing: The Story of Hero and Leander-Canakkale, Turkey. Heritage Tourism Beyond Borders and Civilizations: 3-14.

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. 2015. Buku Tahunan Perangkaan Sarawak 2015. Kuching: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia, Cawangan Sarawak.

Christie, J.W. 1985. On Po-ni: The Santubong Sites of Sarawak’. Sarawak Museum Journal, 34 (2): 77-89.

Citraningtyas, C. E. & Darminto, K. V. 2019. Advancement of Folktale Tourism by Folktale Reconstruction: A Proposed Model Focused on Indonesia and Japan. Asian Journal of Arts, Culture and Tourism 1(2): 1-8.

Dawkins, R. M. 1951. The meaning of folktales. Folklore 62(4): 417-429.

Biro Kesusasteraan Borneo. 1962. Dayang Isah Tandang Sari. 1962. Kuching: Biro Kesusasteraan Borneo.

Dilah Tuah, Chong Shin & Muhammad Jazlan Ahmad Khiri. 2022. Exploring a new tourism potential at Kampung Telok Melano, Sarawak Malaysia post Pan-Borneo Highway Construction. International Journal

of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 12(1): 223–231.

Doherty, C., Buckley, R., Gnanaratnam, A., Beavitt, P. & Beavitt, W. 2007. Archaeological Investigations at Sungai Santubong, Kuching, Sarawak 2006’. The Sarawak Museum Journal, vol. 63 (84): 65-94

Eberhard, W. 1970. The Use of Folklore in China. In Studies in Chinese Folklore and Related Essays. Bloomington: Indiana University Research Center for the Language Sciences: 1-16.

Fatimah Hassan & Hamid Mohd. Isa. 2014. Mitos dan legenda sebagai produk pelancongan di Malaysia: Kajian kes Lembah Lenggong. GEOGRAFIA Online Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 10, Issue 5: 168-179.

Gascon, D. O. 2016. Gender Socialization in Creation Myths. International Journal of Culture and History, vol. 2, no. 2, 83-86. doi: 10.18178/ijch.2016.2.2.043

George, Mary W. 2008. The Elements of Library Research: What Every Student Needs to Know. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400830411.

Griswold, A.B. 1962. The Santubong Buddha and its Context. The Sarawak Museum Journal, vol. 11 (19-20): 363-371.

Harrisson, T. 1970. The Malays of South-West Sarawak before Malaysia: A socio-ecological survey. Michigan: Michigan State University Press.

Harrisson, T. & O’Connor Jr, S. J. 1969. Excavations of the PrehistoricIron Industry in West Borneo, 2 vols. Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, Data Paper no. 72.

Hazrul Mazran Rusli & Abdul Aziz Zali @ Zalay. 2020. Adaptasi Kesusasteraan Rakyat (Cerita Si Luncai) Dalam Karya Seni Cetakan. Idealogy Journal, Vol. 5 Issue 1: 43-56.

Ismail Ahmad. (1987). Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Ismail Hafiz Salleh, Mohd Sabrizaa Abd. Rashid & Siti Rasidah Md Sakip. 2016. Malay garden concept from the traditional Malay landscape design. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 222, 548-556.

Ismail Hamid. 1986. Perkembangan Kesusasteraan Melayu Lama. Kuala Lumpur: Longman.

Jelani Harun. 2011. Asal-Usul Raja, Negeri dan Adat Istiadat Kesultanan Perak: Beberapa Variasi dalam Pengekalan dan Penyimpangan Sumber Tradisi. Sari - International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation 29(1) (2011): 3 - 35

Jeniri Amir. 2015. Etnik di Sabah, Sarawak terima baik status Bumiputera. Berita Harian, 25 Januari. https://

www.bharian.com.my/. Retrieved on: 6 June 2021.

Jiso & Abdul Kadir. 2015. Nariak dan puteri kayangan: Kumpulan cerita rakyat Sarawak. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Kamil Salem. 2006. The Sarawakiana Series: Tudung Keringkam. Kuching: Pustaka Negeri Sarawak.

Kassim Ahmad. 2008. Hikayat Hang Tuah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Keraf, A.S. 2010. Etika Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas.

LaMarche, J., Grimm, W. & Grimm, J. 2003. The Elves and The Shoemaker. San Francisco: Chronicle Books

Leach, M. E. (ed). 1965. Folk Ballads and Songs of the Lower Labrador Coast. Anthropological Series. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada.

Lewis, M. Paul. (ed). 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas: SIL International.

Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/.

Madiawati Mustaffa, Tengku Intan Marlina Tengku Mohd Ali, Rohayati Junaidi & Maizara Abdul Hamid. 2020. Hubungan Rakyat dan Pemerintah dalam Tradisi Lisan dari Perspektif Kepimpinan. Akademika 90(3), 2020: 117-128.

Mary Fatimah Subet, Nadarajan, S., Wan Robiah Meor Osman & Salbia Hassan. 2015. Unsur Semantik dan Pragmatik Dalam Pantun Bidayuh Jagoi. Kota Samarahan, UNIMAS Publisher.

Md Azalanshah Md Syed, Azizah Hamzah & Halijah Ibrahim. 2019. aman Melayu: Konsep dan Pelestariannya dalam Dunia Moden. Akademika 89(2): 83-96.

Minah Sintian. 2019. Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Cerita Rakyat Kadazandusun. Dlm. Rosliah Kiting and Minah Sintian (eds.). Kesusasteraan dan Kebudayaan Borneo. Tanjong Malim, UPSI: Penerbit Universiti Sultan Idris.

Mohamad Fauzi Sukimi. 2012. Cerita rakyat dan stereotaip dalam konteks pembinaan identiti Madura. GEOGRAFIA OnlineTM Malaysia Journal of Society and Space 8, Issue 9: 22-38.

Mohamad Luthfi Abdul Rahman. 2015. Cerita Lisan sebagai Sumber Pelancongan: Suatu Perbandingan di Malaysia dan Singapura. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation (Iman) 3 (3): 2015: 19-27.

Mohd Fahmi Ismail, Salmah Jan Noor Muhammad & Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. 2015. Cerita Rakyat Melayu: Suatu Analisis Pancaran Jati Diri Masyarakat Melayu sebagai Cerminan Kebudayaan Melayu. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics (IJLEAL), Vol. 3: 91-100.

Mohd Firdaus Che Yaacob & Normaliza Abd Rahim. 2016. Nilai Baik Hati Menerusi Cerita Rakyat Melayu Terhadap Masyarakat Melayu Suatu Aplikasi Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu. Journal of Business and Social Development. Vol. 4, No. 2: 48-57.

Mohd Firdaus Che Yaacob, Nasirin Abdillah, Muhammad Izani Ab. Ghani, Shahariah Norain Shaharuddin and Siti Nur Anis Muhammad Apandi. 2017. Cerminan Moral Positif dalam Cerita-cerita Rakyat Melayu. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 6, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v6.507.

Mohd Jirey Kumalah, Gusni Saat, Jabil Mapjabil, Rosazman Hussin, Teuku Afrizal & Mustapa Abu Talip. 2015. Kearifan tempatan dan potensinya sebagai tarikan pelancongan berasaskan komuniti: Kajian kes komuniti Bajau Ubian di Pulau Mantanani, Sabah. GEOGRAFIA Online Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 11 issue 12: 112 - 128.

Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman, Mariani Md Nor, Romli Darus, Ahmad Shobry Mohd Noor, Arun Daud, Rinau Lintan & Nor Asiah Muhamad. 2017. Cerita Rakyat Orang Asal Sabah Sebagai Medium Pembelajaran

Asas Literasi: Analisis Keperluan. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik. Bil. 5, 4: 26-30.

Mohd Taib Osman. 1991. Pengkajian Sastera Rakyat Bercorak Cerita. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Mohd Zohdi Amin, Ishak Suliaman, Husniyah Salaeh, Mohamed Akhiruddin Ibrahim & Azlina Mohamed Nor. 2014. The Belief in Hantu in the Malay Culture from the perspective of Islam. Online Journal of

Research in Islam Studies, 1 (1): 32-48.

Muhammad Nur Al-Hakim Mohamad Hanafiah, and Mohd Firdaus Che Yaacob. 2021. Penemuan nilai-nilai Islam dalam cerita lisan Melayu: satu penelitian terhadap pendekatan karya dan khalayak. Jurnal

Melayu, 20 (1): 79-92.

Nikmatul Adha Nordin & Rosilawati Zainol 2013. Pelancongan, Persepsi Awam Dan Standard: Isu Dan Cabaran Bagi Melaka Sebagai Bandaraya Warisan Bersejarah. Prosiding Seminar Warisan Kebangsaan 2013, 2-3 Julai 2013, Hotel Ramada Plaza, Melaka.

Nor Zalina Harun, Fadzidah Abdullah and Najihan Khalid (2017) Fungsi dan keistimewaan Taman Traditional Melayu. In: Seminar Antarabangsa ke-10 Ekologi, Habitat Manusia & Perubahan Persekitaran di Alam Melayu, 2017, 18th-19th November 2017, Melaka, Malaysia.

Nor Zalina Harun, Fadzidah Abdullah, Najihan Khalid. 2017. Fungsi dan keistimewaan Taman Tradisional Melayu. Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Noraien Mansor. 2017. Ulek Mayang: Warisan Terengganu. Terengganu: Penerbit UMT.

Norazirah Ayob & Abas Said. 2005. Ecotourism development and forest resource conservation:Maludam National Park, Sarawak. Proceeding of Academic Tourism Symposium of the East Asia Inter-Regional Tourism Forum 2005 (EATOF), 2-4 September 2005,

Jilin,China.

Norzalita Abd. Aziz & Ahmad Azmi Mohd Ariffin. 2004. Imej dan Strategi Peletakan Pulau Langkawi dalam Pasaran Pelancongan Domestik. Jurnal Pengurusan, 23 (2004): 97-117.

Nurul Ain Hassan & Muammar Ghaddafi Hanafiah. 2020. Transformasi struktur dalam persembahan Ulik Mayang. Jurnal Melayu, Isu (Khas). 629-643

Ozaki, Y.T. 1908. Japanese Fairy Tales. New York: A.L.Burt Company.

Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, Rafael de Brito Sousa & Nathalie Carcaud. Flowers and gardens onthe context and tourism potential. Ornamental horticulture, Sociedade Brasileira de Floricultura ePlantas

Ornamentais, 2020, 26 (1):121-133.

Richards, G. 2001. Cultural Attractions and European Tourism. Wallingford: CAB International.

Rohaya Md Ali. 2017. Sastera Rakyat dalam Media Digital Sumber Ekonomi Kreatif Negara. International Seminar on Islam, Culture and Heritage: Socio-Political and Economic Issues, “Sustainability of

Knowledge”, 30 – 31 October 2017, UUMAt: School of Languages, Civilisation and Philosophy (SLCP) College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Sanib Said. 2021. Negeri Santubong: Sejarah Awal Sarawak, 300ESS-1647ES. Kuching: Yayasan Budaya Melayu Sarawak.

Siti Zuhaidah Zakeria. 2015. Gaya Penyampaian Cerita Rakyat Melayu Terpilih dalam Majalah Dewan Pelajar. Tesis Sarjana. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E.

Song, D. & Kuwahara, S. 2016. Ecotourism and World Natural Heritage: Its influence on islands in Japan. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, Volume 5, Issue 1, 36-46.

Suara Sarawak. 2017. Taman Arkeologi Santubong bakal dilobi sebagai Tapak Warisan Dunia, 19 April.

Tacon, P. S. C., Sauffi, M.S. & Datan, I. 2010. New engravings discovered at Santubong, Sarawak, Malaysia. The Sarawak Museum Journal, 67: 105-121.

Old Kuching Smart Heritage. 2021. Old Kuching Smart Heritage (OKSHe). https://www.oldkuchingsmartheritage.my/about-okshe/. Retrieved on: 6 June 2021.

Thompson, S. 1946. The folktale. New York: The Dryden Press.

Waterman, R. A. & Bascom, W. 1949. African and New World Negro folklore. In Funk and Wagnalls standard dictionary of folklore, mythology and legend, edited by Maria Leach, 18-24. New York: Funk and Wagnalls.

Wong, D. 2018. Pulau Ubin thrives amid shifting sands. Channel News Asia, 11 April. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/life-on-pulau-ubin-boatman-taxi-driver-bike-rental-10603004. Retrieved on: 6 June 2021.

Yusriadi, Y., Irmayani, I., Rosada, I., Ilsan, M., Wahyuni, W. & Muhdiar, M. 2018 Local Wisdom on Farming Activities and Its Benefits to Agriculture in Enrekeng District, Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Social

Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 3(5): 48-54.

Zainal Kling (1989). Kebudayaan Melayu Sarawak. Kuching: The Sarawak Museum Journal XL:61.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694