Amalan Keselamatan Makanan Dalam Kalangan Pengendali Makanan (Food Safety Practices Among Food Handlers)

Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad Salleh, Azahan Awang, Azlan Abas, Sytty Mazian Mazlan

Abstract


Pengendalian makanan yang tidak selamat adalah faktor utama yang sering dikaitkan dengan kejadian penyakit bawaan makanan. Berjuta manusia di seluruh dunia jatuh sakit dan ramai antaranya meninggal dunia akibat memakan makanan yang tidak selamat.. Status pengendalian makanan berkait rapat dengan tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan pengendali makanan. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji tahap kebersihan di premis makanan; menilai tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan pengendali makanan berkaitan keselamatan makanan serta mengenal pasti perhubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di Tanjung Lumpur Kuantan, Pahang menggunakan borang soal selidik. Responden adalah terdiri daripada sejumlah 61 pengendali makanan daripada 61 premis makanan yang berlesen dengan pihak Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan. Hasil kajian mendapati responden mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik berkaitan keselamatan makanan. Responden dikesan kurang pengetahuan berkaitan perkara memanaskan makanan yang telah dimasak (74.3%) dan suhu selamat makanan yang telah dimasak (72.5%). Hasil kajian juga mendapati sikap responden adalah positif. Amalan responden dalam keselamatan makanan pula mendapati responden mempunyai amalan yang baik. Dapatan menunjukkan tiada perhubungan yang signifikan di antara pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan. Walau bagaimanapun terdapat perhubungan yang signifikan antara pengalaman sebagai pengendali makanan dan pengetahuan responden (r=0.253, p=0.049). Kajian ini mendapati pengendali makanan menunjukkan pengetahuan yang baik, sikap yang positif dan amalan yang cemerlang dalam keselamatan makanan. Namun, pengendali makanan masih kurang pengetahuan asas kebersihan makanan, khususnya mengenai pemanasan makanan dan pengawalan suhu selamat untuk makanan yang telah dimasak. Kajian ini boleh dijadikan panduan kepada pihak berkuasa yang berkaitan untuk membangunkan strategi yang lebih berkesan ke arah menambah baik aspek kebersihan makanan di kawasan mereka dalam memastikan makanan yang dijual di premis makanan bukan sahaja bersih tetapi apa yang lebih penting bebas dari penyakit bawaan makanan.

 

Kata kunci: Pengurusan makanan; pengurusan premis; kesihatan persekitaran; keselamatan sumber; pengurusan persekitaran

 

Abstract

Inappropriate food handling is the main contributing factor often associated with the food borne diseases. Thousands of millions of people around the globe fall ill and many die as a result of eating unsafe foodThe status of food handling is closely related to the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers. This study aimed to study the level of hygiene in the food premises; assessing the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers regarding food safety and identifying the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and practices. This study was conducted in Tanjung Lumpur Kuantan, Pahang using questionnaire form. Respondents consist of a total of 61 food handlers from 61 licensed food premises with the Kuantan Municipal Council. The results showed that respondents had good knowledge of food safety. However, respondents lack of knowledge related to reheating of cooked food (74.3%) and the safe temperature of cooked food (72.5%). The results of the study also found that respondents had positive attitude about food safety. In terms of respondents’ practices in food safety, was found that the respondents had good practice.  The findings also show that there is no significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes and practices. However, there was a significant relationship between experience as food handler and respondents' knowledge (r = 0.253, p = 0.049). In summary, this study suggests that food workers in Tanjung Lumpur displayed good knowledge, a positive attitude and an excellent practice on food safety. Yet results showed that food handlers are still lacking in basic knowledge on food safety, particularly on reheating and safe temperature of cooked food. As a conclusion, This study can serve as a guide to the relevant authorities to develop a more effective strategy towards improving the hygiene aspect of their area in ensuring that food sold at the premises is not only clean but more importantly has no foodborne diseases.

 

Keywords: Environmental health; environmental management; food management; premise management; resource security


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