Taman Melayu: Konsep dan Pelestariannya dalam Dunia Moden (Malay Garden: Concept and Survivability in the Modern World)

Md Azalanshah Md Syed, Azizah Hamzah, Halijah Ibrahim

Abstract


Kajian kualitatif ini memfokuskan kepada konsep pembinaan taman dalam pelestarian ilmu pengetahuan dan kecemerlangan Melayu. Taman merupakan suatu konsep penting dalam seni dan budaya Melayu. Keunikan taman disebut dalam pelbagai manuskrip lama atau hikayat Melayu dan biasanya dihubungkaitkan sebagai kawasan larangan yang hanya boleh digunakan oleh keluarga diRaja dan golongan bangsawan. Kewujudan taman dalam budaya Melayu memberikan dua aspek pemahaman mengenai kearifan tempatan itu sendiri. Pertama, daya imaginasi tempatan yang mendorong kepada konsep pembinaan taman yang setanding dengan ketamadunan lain di dunia ini. Kedua, tumbuhan yang tidak sahaja menjadi lanskap estetika pembinaan sesebuah taman malah menyumbang kepada kemajuan ilmu perubatan tradisi dalam merawat penyakit tempatan. Meskipun sumber dan kajian terdahulu yang wujud dalam bentuk manuskrip atau hikayat lama, laporan kolonial Barat, filem klasik Melayu dan kajian sarjana tempatan menyebut dengan jelas mengenai taman Melayu, dapatan ini masih lagi tidak memberikan takrifan dan model yang lengkap dan tersusun untuk digunakan oleh khalayak massa bagi tujuan pembinaan sebuah taman yang boleh dipanggil sebagai Taman Melayu. Justeru, kajian ini mengemukakan suatu konsep taman Melayu bagi tujuan pelestarian dan pemeliharaan pengetahuan kecemerlangan Melayu. Selain itu, kajian ini turut mengemaskini senarai tumbuhan dan kedudukannya yang lebih bersifat sistematik yang seterusnya memberikan pandangan baharu mengenai konsep taman Melayu dari segi takrifan, tafsiran dan pelan pembangunannya.

 

Kata kunci: Taman Melayu; Lanskap Keras; Lanskap Lembut; Kearifan Tempatan; Hikayat Melayu

 

Abstract

 

This qualitative study focuses on the concept of Malay garden in the preservation of Malay knowledge and excellence. The garden is an important concept in Malay art and culture. The uniqueness of garden is mentioned in a variety of old manuscripts and Malay Hikayat and typically associated as a prohibited area that can only be accessed by royal families and nobles. The existence of garden in Malay culture provides two aspects of understanding of the local Malay wisdom. First, the local imagination that drives the concept of garden design is comparable to other world civilisations. Secondly, plants that contributed to the aesthetic landscape and the advancement of traditional medicine knowledge for treating local diseases. Despite the earlier sources and studies from the old Malay manuscripts or folklores, Western colonial reports, Malay classical films and local scholarly studies that explicitly mentioned about the Malay garden, there is no accurate definition or structured concept that potentially can be applied by the public to contextualise the Malay Garden. Hence, this study presents a definition and concept of the Malay garden for the purpose of preservation of knowledge and Malay excellence. Additionally, this study also updates the list of plants and its systematic position and thus provides a new perspective on Malay garden in term of definition, interpretation and its development plan.

Keywords: Malay Garden; Hard Landscape; Soft Landscape; Local Wisdom; Malay Epics


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