INFLUENCE OF PHENOLOGICAL STAGES AND WEATHER ON PESTS AND DISEASES INCIDENCE IN DURIAN (Durio zibethinus) IN MALAYSIA

Xue Yi Tan, Vinailosni Amirthalingam, Sue Sian Tan, Mohamad Baharudin Mohd Sinon

Abstract


Durian, often called the "king of fruits," holds significant economic importance for Malaysia, particularly with the country's recent 2024 launch of fresh durian exports to China. However, pest infestations and diseases pose serious threats to this revenue stream. Effective management of pests and diseases is essential, which requires identifying the factors influencing their occurrence in durian crops. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of durian's phenological stages and weather conditions on pest infestations and disease incidences. Conducted over a year (January–December 2023), the research utilized sticky traps, light traps, and visual inspections to monitor pest and disease activity across the plantation. A total of 10 pests and four diseases were identified. Among the pests are Allocaridara malayensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), Mudaria magniplaga (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Amrasca spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) showed significant interactions with durian phenological stages, while Platypus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tiraleurodes spp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) had a strong positive correlation with rainfall (r=0.82) and (r=0.71), respectively. Disease pathogens such as Phytopthora palmivora and Phomopsis durionis also correlated with increased rainfall, while Rhizoctonia solani showed a positive correlation with higher temperatures and humidity (r=0.64) and (r=0.50), respectively. These findings underscore the influence of both plant growth stages and weather on pest and disease occurrence. The study’s insights offer practical value to durian farmers, enabling targeted pest and disease management strategies aligned with growth stages and seasonal weather patterns. By implementing informed control measures, farmers can mitigate the risks associated with pest and disease pressures, thereby enhancing productivity and economic outcomes for Malaysia’s durian industry.


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