MORPHOLOGICAL PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF GENUS XANTHOPIMPLA SAUSSURE 1892 (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE: PIMPLINAE) FROM MALAYSIA

Abstract

A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data was done
for 31 species of Xanthopimpla Saussure 1892 (Hymenoptera:
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from Malaysia by using PAUP*4.0.
A total of 83 characters were analysed using Maximum
Parsimony heuristic search with 100 replications and 2 outgroups
namely Theronia pseudozebra pseudozebra Gupta 1962 and
Echthromorpha agrestorius notulatoria Fabricius 1804. Resulted
tree are less resolved and supported with length of tree value 351,
Consistency index 0.3105, Retention index 0.4622, Rescale
Consistency index 0.1435 and Homoplasy index 0.6895.
Outcome forms monophyletic branches amongst ingroups.
Xanthopimpla leviuscula deviated out from the clade due to the
absence of notaulus with 62% bootstrap value. Conflict arose
when resulted cladogram compared with group-classification by 

Townes & Chiu (1970). To simplify, X. melanacantha
melanacantha + X. corynoceros corynoceros clade approves
classifications into Rhopaloceros-group by Townes & Chiu
(1970) by 57%. However, cladogram opposes classification of X.
decurtata detruncata, X. polyspila and X. flaviceps into
Terebatrix-groups as they did not belong to the same clade.
Therefore, further phylogenetic studies should be conducted by
using molecular data to form more reliable phylogenetic tree.