Algorithmic Censorship in Modern Wars: Case of the Encryption for Digital Resilience during the Latest Israeli War of 2023 on Gaza
Abstract
Social media has significantly reshaped traditional concepts of free media, steering it toward greater independence. After decades of control by ministries of communication and gatekeepers over audio-visual content, these institutions have gradually lost their influence, leading to a more decentralized media landscape. In this new environment, social media platforms have become powerful tools, shaping social and political narratives by controlling information dissemination, often aligning with their policies. Artificial intelligence's rise has amplified algorithms' role, particularly during geopolitical wars and conflicts. For instance, during the latest Israeli war in Gaza that erupted in October 2023, thousands of accounts supporting the Palestinian cause were banned, raising concerns about freedom of expression due to algorithms' ability to manipulate public opinion. In response, users have adopted various tactics, such as employing encryption and content modification techniques to evade algorithmic censorship. Despite the widespread use of these tactics across the Arab world, no research has systematically explored their effectiveness in countering algorithms, especially in crisis-prone regions. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the most common encryption techniques used by users during the Gaza war, particularly in resistance axis countries. This study will utilize a mixed-methods approach to analyse a sample of 80 social media posts sourced from X, TikTok, WhatsApp, and Instagram. The analysis will identify the most effective methods for circumventing AI-based censorship and highlight the sophisticated strategies used to protect freedom of expression in the digital age.
Keywords: Algorithmic censorship, Gaza conflict, data encryption, social media bias, crisis communication strategies.
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