Networking Your Way into Mental Illness: SLR of Social Media Usage Among Malaysian Youth

Stephanie Ann Victor, Sarina Yusuf, Khairulnissa Abdul Kadir

Abstract


Youths are the most common group with social media utilisation as they are the biggest group of internet users. Their social media usage, however, poses a threat to them in the form of mental illness. Besides, there are still insufficient studies that systematically review existing literature on Malaysian youth groups concerning their social media usage and mental illness. Following that, this study aims to identify the forms of mental illness that are affecting Malaysian youths. It also highlights the specific areas and content of research that should be the focus of future studies. Therefore, this systematic literature review on the mental illness outcomes associated with social media usage among Malaysian youth is guided by ROSES (Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses). This study selected articles from reputable and widely recognised databases including Scopus and PubMed. Based on the thematic analysis, this review has four main themes focusing on the mental illness outcome from social media usage, namely 1) distress, 2) fear, 3) depression, and 4) anxiety. The identified themes contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential psychological impact of social media on this population thereby facilitating the development of targeted interventions and strategies to promote mental well-being among Malaysian youths. 

 

Keywords: Social media, mental illness, Malaysian, youths, literature review.

 

https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2024-4003-23


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdollahi, A., Hosseinian, S., Nooripour, R., & Najafi, M. (2017). Clarifying the roles of hardiness and hopelessness in relation to suicidal ideation among Malaysian undergraduate students. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 5(4), 243-250.

Akin, A., & Iskender, M. (2011). Internet addiction and depression, anxiety and stress. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(1), 138-148.

Ali, A., Salleh, M. A. M., & Mustaffa, N. (2020). Memobilia dan kesedaran wasiat digital dalam kalangan belia Malaysia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(2).

Amran, M. S., & Jamaluddin, K. A. (2022). Adolescent screen time associated with risk factor of fear of missing out during pandemic COVID-19. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(6), 398-403.

Aydin, S., Koçak, O., Shaw, T. A., Buber, B., Akpinar, E. Z., & Younis, M. Z. (2021). Investigation of the effect of social media addiction on adults with depression. Healthcare, 9(4), 450.

Baker, D. A., & Algorta, G. P. (2016). The relationship between online social networking and depression: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(11), 638-648.

Bevan, N., O’Brien, K. S., Lin, C. Y., Latner, J. D., Vandenberg, B., Jeanes, R., ... & Rush, G. (2021). The relationship between weight stigma, physical appearance concerns, and enjoyment and tendency to avoid physical activity and sport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 9957.

Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 156-162.

Błachnio, A., & Przepiorka, A. (2016). Personality and positive orientation in Internet and Facebook addiction. An empirical report from Poland. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 230-236.

Bloemen, N., & De Coninck, D. (2020). Social media and fear of missing out in adolescents: The role of family characteristics. Social Media+ Society, 6(4), 2056305120965517.

Bradd, S. (2021). Infodemic. WHO. https://www.who.int/health-topics/infodemic#tab=tab_1

Bowden-Green, T., Hinds, J., & Joinson, A. (2021). Understanding neuroticism and social media: A systematic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110344.

Clark, O., Lee, M. M., Jingree, M. L., O'Dwyer, E., Yue, Y., Marrero, A., ... & Mattei, J. (2021). Weight stigma and social media: Evidence and public health solutions. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 739056.

Davenport, S. W., Bergman, S. M., Bergman, J. Z., & Fearrington, M. E. (2014). Twitter versus Facebook: Exploring the role of narcissism in the motives and usage of different social media platforms. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 212-220.

De Rycker, A., & Jamal, A. (2023). Do social media and messaging apps influence loneliness? The case of young Malaysian higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39(1), 1–20.

Diva, P. T., Anggari, R. S., & Haswita, H. (2023). Intensitas penggunaan media sosial dengan kesehatan mental pada remaja. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Rustida, 10(1), 37-45.

Eow, S. Y., & Gan, W. Y. (2018). Social media use, body image, and body weight status: Comparison between university students with and without disordered eating in Universiti Putra Malaysia. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 5(1), 129-145.

Fadhli, S. A. M., Yan, J. L. S., Ab Halim, A. S., Ab Razak, A., & Ab Rahman, A. (2022). Finding the link between cyberbullying and suicidal behaviour among adolescents in Peninsular Malaysia. Healthcare, 10(5).

Fauzi, R., Saaiddin, N. I., Ibrahim, N. S., & Abdullah, S. S. (2021). Effect of social media addiction on academic performance among nursing students. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 13(1), 3-9.

Fung, X. C., Siu, A. M., Potenza, M. N., O'Brien, K. S., Latner, J. D., Chen, C. Y., ... & Lin, C. Y. (2021). Problematic use of internet-related activities and perceived weight stigma in schoolchildren: A longitudinal study across different epidemic periods of COVID-19 in China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 675839.

Geirdal, A. Ø., Ruffolo, M., Leung, J., Thygesen, H., Price, D., Bonsaksen, T., & Schoultz, M. (2021). Mental health, quality of life, wellbeing, loneliness and use of social media in a time of social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-country comparative study. Journal of Mental Health, 30(2), 148-155.

Giannakos, M. N., Mikalef, P., & Pappas, I. O. (2021). Systematic literature review of e-learning capabilities to enhance organizational learning. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, 619–635.

Haddaway, N. R., Macura, B., Whaley, P., & Pullin, A. S. (2018). ROSES Reporting standards for systematic evidence syntheses: Pro forma, flow-diagram and descriptive summary of the plan and conduct of environmental systematic reviews and systematic maps. Environmental Evidence, 7, 1-8.

Huang, F., Ding, H., Liu, Z., Wu, P., Zhu, M., Li, A., & Zhu, T. (2020). How fear and collectivism influence public’s preventive intention towards COVID-19 infection: A study based on big data from the social media. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-9.

Huang, L., Zhang, J., Duan, W., & He, L. (2023). Peer relationship increasing the risk of social media addiction among Chinese adolescents who have negative emotions. Current Psychology, 42, 7673–7681.

Ilham, N. A., Laila, M. M., Syauqi, M. A., Armadhana, M. A. A., & Ghosh, A. (2022). Impact of intense social media usage on sleeping pattern. Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application, 6(2), 120-131.

Islam, A. N., Laato, S., Talukder, S., & Sutinen, E. (2020). Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 159, 120201.

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.

Kar, S. K., Arafat, S. Y., Sharma, P., Dixit, A., Marthoenis, M., & Kabir, R. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and addiction: Current problems and future concerns. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102064.

Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: The influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79-93.

Kemp, J., Chorney, J., Kassam, I., MacDonald, J., MacDonald, T., Wozney, L., & Strudwick, G. (2021). Learning about the current state of digital mental health interventions for Canadian youth to inform future decision-making: Mixed methods study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(10), e30491.

Kraus, S., Breier, M., & Dasí-Rodríguez, S. (2020). The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16, 1023-1042.

Kholisoh, N., Saleh, M. S. M., Mahmudah, S. M., & Ismail, N. (2022). youth character building anti-pornography in South East Asia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 38(4), 62-78.

Kong, K. (2021). Use of social media and depression in first-year undergraduate students during COVID-19 lockdown. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 45-63.

Lai, C. S., Mohamad, M. M., Lee, M. F., Salleh, K. M., Sulaiman, N. L., Rosli, D. I., & Chang, W. V. (2017). Prevalence of cyberbullying among students in Malaysian higher learning institutions. Advanced Science Letters, 23(2), 781-784.

Lang, A. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication, 50(1), 46-70.

Lee, E., Lee, K. Y., Sung, Y., & Song, Y. A. (2019). # DeleteFacebook: Antecedents of Facebook fatigue. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(6), 417- 422.

Lee, S., & Zhooriyati, S. M. (2022). The factors of social media usage and mental health: A study on Malaysian adolescents. Asian Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 4(2), 45-56.

Lee, M. H. L., Kaur, M., Shaker, V., Yee, A., Sham, R., & Siau, C. S. (2023). Cyberbullying, social media addiction and associations with depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3136.

Liang, H., Xue, Y., Pinsonneault, A., & Wu, Y. A. (2019). What users do besides problem-focused coping when facing IT security threats: An emotion-focused coping perspective. MIS Quarterly, 43(2), 373-394.

Liem, A., Prawira, B., Magdalena, S., Siandita, M. J., & Hudiyana, J. (2022). Predicting self-harm and suicide ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: A nationwide survey report. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 304.

Liu, C., & Ma, J. (2020). Social media addiction and burnout: The mediating roles of envy and social media use anxiety. Current Psychology, 39(6), 1883-1891.

Liu, H., Liu, W., Yoganathan, V., & Osburg, V. S. (2021). COVID-19 information overload and generation Z’s social media discontinuance intention during the pandemic lockdown. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120600.

Liu, W., Chen, J. S., Gan, W. Y., Poon, W. C., Tung, S. E. H., Lee, L. J., ... & Lin, C. Y. (2022). Associations of problematic internet use, weight-related self-stigma, and nomophobia with physical activity: Findings from mainland China, Taiwan, and Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12135.

Lockwood, C., Munn, Z., & Porritt, K. (2015). Qualitative research synthesis: Methodological guidance for systematic reviewers utilizing meta-aggregation. JBI Evidence Implementation, 13(3), 179-187.

Loh, X. K., Lee, V. H., Loh, X. M., Tan, G. W. H., Ooi, K. B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). The dark side of mobile learning via social media: How bad can it get?. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, 1887–1904.

Maier, C., Laumer, S., Weinert, C., & Weitzel, T. (2015). The effects of technostress and switching stress on discontinued use of social networking services: A study of Facebook use. Information Systems Journal, 25(3), 275-308.

Marcus, M., Yasamy, M. T., van Ommeren, M. V., Chisholm, D., & Saxena, S. (2012). Depression: A global public health concern.

Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Samsuddin, S. F., & Abu Samah, A. (2021). The ABC of systematic literature review: The basic methodological guidance for beginners. Quality & Quantity, 55, 1319-1346.

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). (2021). Health, United States, 2019: Table 007. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?year=2019

Notara, V., Vagka, E., Gnardellis, C., & Lagiou, A. (2021). The emerging phenomenon of nomophobia in young adults: A systematic review study. Addiction & Health, 13(2), 120.

Orsolini, L., Volpe, U., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., ... & Fiorillo, A. (2022). Use of social network as a coping strategy for depression among young people during the COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from the COMET collaborative study. Annals of General Psychiatry, 21(1), 44.

Pearl, R. L., & Puhl, R. M. (2018). Weight bias internalization and health: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 19(8), 1141-1163.

Pearl, R. L., Wadden, T. A., & Jakicic, J. M. (2021). Is weight stigma associated with physical activity? A systematic review. Obesity, 29(12), 1994-2012.

Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., ... & Duffy, S. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. A Product from the ESRC Methods Programme Version, 1(1), b92.

Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4).

Ravindran, T., Yeow Kuan, A. C., & Hoe Lian, D. G. (2014). Antecedents and effects of social network fatigue. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(11), 2306-2320.

Rettew, D. C., McGinnis, E. W., Copeland, W., Nardone, H. Y., Bai, Y., Rettew, J., ... & Hudziak, J. J. (2021). Personality trait predictors of adjustment during the COVID pandemic among college students. PLoS One, 16(3), e0248895.

Richter, K. (2018). Fear of missing out, social media abuse, and parenting styles [Paper 81, Digital Commons @ ACU, Electronic Theses and Dissertations].

Saffari, M., Chen, J. S., Wu, H. C., Fung, X. C., Chang, C. C., Chang, Y. L., ... & Lin, C. Y. (2022). Effects of weight-related self-stigma and smartphone addiction on female university students’ physical activity levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2631.

Sam, K. K., Siau, C. S., Cham, C. Q., Lee, K. F., Ravindran, L., & Ibrahim, N. (2022). The influence of self-esteem, loneliness, and suicidality on social media addiction. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 7(45), 199-208.

Statista. (2021). Social media - Statistics & facts. Retrieved 18 June 2024, from https://www.statista.com/topics/1164/social-networks/

Statista. (2022). Active social media users as percentage of the total population in Malaysia from 2016 to 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2024, from

https://www.statista.com/statistics/883712/malaysia-social-media-penetration/

Stănculescu, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Social media addiction profiles and their antecedents using latent profile analysis: The contribution of social anxiety, gender, and age. Telematics and Informatics, 74, 101879.

Tarafdar, M., Maier, C., Laumer, S., & Weitzel, T. (2020). Explaining the link between technostress and technology addiction for social networking sites: A study of distraction as a coping behavior. Information Systems Journal, 30(1), 96-124.

Ting, C. H., & Essau, C. (2021). Addictive behaviours among university students in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100375.

Tung, S. E. H., Gan, W. Y., Chen, J. S., Kamolthip, R., Pramukti, I., Nadhiroh, S. R., ... & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Internet-related instruments (Bergen social media addiction scale, smartphone application-based addiction scale, internet gaming disorder scale-short form, and nomophobia questionnaire) and their associations with distress among Malaysian university students. Healthcare, 10(8), 1448.

Victor, S., Arif, A., Yusuf, S., & Loh, Y. L. (2021). Online learning conditions and psychological distress among the university students during the movement control order. The Asian Journal of Professional and Business Studies, 2(1).

Victor, S. A., Ibrahim, M. S., Yusuf, S., Mahmud, N., Bahari, K. A., Yoke Ling, L., & Abd Mubin, N. N. (2024). Social media addiction and depression among adolescents in two Malaysian states. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 29(1), 2292055.

Wong, H. Y., Mo, H. Y., Potenza, M. N., Chan, M. N. M., Lau, W. M., Chui, T. K., ... & Lin, C. Y. (2020). Relationships between severity of internet gaming disorder, severity of problematic social media use, sleep quality and psychological distress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1879.

Yunus, A., & Landau, E. (2019, July 3). ‘Youth’ now defined as those between 15 and 30. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/501288/youth-now-defined-those-between-15-and-30

Zhang, S., Zhao, L., Lu, Y., & Yang, J. (2016). Do you get tired of socializing? An empirical explanation of discontinuous usage behaviour in social network services. Information & Management, 53(7), 904-914.

Zhang, T. H., Tham, J. S., & Waheed, M. (2022). Pathway linking health information behaviors to mental health condition during the COVID-19 infodemic: A moderated mediation analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 2813.

Zaw, C. C., & Azenal, N. A. (2021). Association between social media addiction and mental health among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) undergraduate nursing students. International Journal of Care Scholars, 4(Supp1), 32-39.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 2289-1528