Elemen Kinesik, Kronemik, Paralinguistik dan Artifaktual dalam Dakwah: Kajian Komunikasi Bukan Lisan Badiuzzaman Said Nursi
Abstract
Komunikasi dakwah yang efektif meliputi komunikasi lisan dan bukan lisan. Seseorang komunikator Islam perlu mengambil kira faktor komunikasi bukan lisan ketika menyampaikan pesan dakwah bagi menjamin komunikasi dakwah yang berkesan. Menurut sarjana, penguasaan dan kemahiran ilmu komunikasi bukan lisan oleh para pendakwah seperti bahasa pergerakan badan, penampilan, kemahiran berbahasa, bahan dan sarana dakwah dan sebagainya dapat membantu penghantaran sesuatu mesej dakwah secara lebih optimum dan berkesan. Pada abad ke-21, antara tokoh pendakwah yang berjaya dalam lapangan dakwah adalah Badiuzzaman Said Nursi. Antara faktor penerimaan masyarakat terhadap dakwah Said Nursi adalah penguasaan beliau dalam ilmu retorik (pemujukan) serta ilmu komunikasi bukan lisan, sehingga ia tersebar ke seluruh dunia. Maka kajian ini memfokuskan kajian berkenaan komunikasi dakwah efektif Badiuzzaman Said Nursi khusus dalam empat elemen komunikasi bukan lisan iaitu kinesik, kronemik, paralinguistik dan artifaktual. Metodologi kajian ini mengguna pakai kajian dokumen bagi pengumpulan data dengan mengaplikasikan pendekatan analisis kandungan bagi proses penganalisisan data. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahawa komunikasi dakwah efektif Said Nursi merangkumi sekurang-kurangnya 4 elemen komunikasi bukan lisan iaitu; (i) kinesik (ii) kronemik, (iii) paralinguistik, dan (iv) artifaktual. Dapatan kajian juga mendapati pengalaman berdakwah Badiuzzaman Said Nursi melalui kepelbagaian metode komunikasi khususnya 4 elemen komunikasi bukan lisan ini membantu menjulang nama beliau sebagai tokoh dakwah dan islah kontemporari, sehingga digelar ‘badiuzzaman’ iaitu keunggulan zaman.
Kata kunci: Komunikasi dakwah, dakwah efektif, komunikasi bukan lisan, Badiuzzaman Said Nursi, Rasail an-Nur.
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