Komunikasi Bukan Lisan dalam Konteks Kehadiran Sosial di Ruang Maya

Nuredayu Omar, Salafiah Mohd Ali

Abstract


Kajian berkaitan komunikasi bukan lisan di alam maya perlu diterokai akibat perubahan dalam proses komunikasi yang kini bergantung kepada interaksi secara dalam talian. Pandemik COVID-19 telah membuka ruang dalam memahami kehadiran seseorang individu secara maya dan keberkesanan komunikasi bukan lisan yang diamalkan. Dalam konteks kajian ini, komunikasi bukan lisan diterokai dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam talian. Teori Kehadiran Sosial digunakan dalam memahami praktis pensyarah untuk mewujudkan hubungan melalui kehadiran maya dan membina kedekatan dengan pelajar semasa pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam talian. Temu bual mendalam dijalankan dengan sepuluh orang pelajar Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Kajian mendapati bahawa pensyarah dapat mewujudkan hubungan dan kedekatan dengan pelajar melalui tanda-tanda komunikasi bukan lisan seperti kinesik, proksemik, kronemik, dan paralinguistik. Pensyarah yang mengamalkan komunikasi bukan lisan yang efektif menimbulkan kesan positif kepada pelajar dari aspek motivasi untuk belajar, fokus dalam sesi pembelajaran, menimbulkan kesukaan dalam memahami topik, dan bersikap tenang dalam pembelajaran. Namun, komunikasi bukan lisan pensyarah juga telah memberikan kesan yang negatif sekiranya pensyarah tidak dapat membina hubungan yang baik khususnya dari segi kronemik dan ekspresi wajah. Ia menyebabkan pelajar tidak bermotivasi dan mengalami tekanan perasaan. Kesimpulannya, komunikasi bukan lisan masih penting dalam proses mewujudkan kehadiran sosial dan pembinaan hubungan walaupun secara dalam talian. Amalan komunikasi bukan lisan semasa kehadiran sosial individu di ruang maya perlu diterokai dalam konteks lain seperti dalam sesebuah organisasi.

 

Kata kunci: Komunikasi bukan lisan, pembelajaran dalam talian, kualitatif, Teori Kehadiran Sosial, Covid-19.

 

https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2021-3704-16


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmad Pazil, N. (2020). Keakraban dalam persahabatan dan corak interaksi di media sosial. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(4), 428-441. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3604-26

Aydin, M. D., Miller, J. K., Xiao-jun, Y., Menteş, T., & Leblebici, D. N. (2013). Nonverbal immediacy and perception of learning: A cross-cultural survey in Turkey, USA and China. Hacettepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi-hacettepe University Journal of Education, 44, 27-42. http://www.efdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/yonetim/icerik/makaleler/247-published.pdf

Barmaki, R., & Hughes, C. E. (2018). Embodiment analytics of practicing teachers in a virtual immersive environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(4), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12268

Beege, M., Schneider, S., Nebel, S., & Rey, G. D. (2017). Look into my eyes! exploring the effect of addressing in educational videos. Journal of Learning and Instruction, 49(1), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.01.004

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2020). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 328-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238

Chivanga, S. Y., & Monyai, P. B. (2021). Back to basics: Qualitative research methodology for beginners. Journal of Critical Reviews, 8(2), 11-17.

Conklin, S., & Dikkers, A. G. (2021). Instructor social presence and connectedness in a quick shift from face-to-face to online instruction. Online Learning Journal, 25(1), 135-150. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1287110.pdf

Dickinson, A. (2017). Communicating with the online student: The impact of e-mail tone on student performance and teacher evaluations. Journal of Educators Online, 14(2), 1-10. https://www.thejeo.com/2017_14_2/dickinson

Dixson, M. D., Greenwell, M. R., Rogers-Stacy, C., Weister, T., & Lauer, S. (2017). Nonverbal immediacy behaviors and online student engagement: Bringing past instructional research into the present virtual classroom. Communication Education, 66(1), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2016.1209222

Farid, F., & Mamat, R. (2021). Non-verbal communication of German language in a German film: A Coffee in Berlin. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(2), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2021-3702-04

Fazza, H. & Mahgoub, M. (2021). Student engagement in online and blended learning in a higher education institution in the Middle East: Challenges and solutions. Technology Enhanced Learning, 1(2), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.21428/8c225f6e.5bcbd385

He, M., Xiong, B. & Xia, K. (2021). Are you looking at me? Eye gazing in web video conferences. https://courses.ece.ubc.ca/518/previous/hit2020W/papers/group8_99750_14423175_ACM_Conference_Proceedings_Primary_Article_Template%20(2).pdf

Hidayat, D., Anisti, Purwadhi, & Wibawa, D. (2020). Crisis management and communication experience in education during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(3), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3603-05

Istas, B. (2018, August 31). Nonverbal communication in the classroom. Learners Edge. https://www.learnersedge.com/blog/nonverbal-communication-in-the-classroom

Kalman, Y. M., Ballard, D. I., & Aguilar, A. M. (2021). Chronemic urgency in everyday digital communication. Time & Society, 30(2), 153–175. https://doi.org/g68h

Kreijns, K., Xu, K., & Weidlich, J. (2021). Social presence: Conceptualization and measurement. Educ Psychol Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09623-8

Khan, M. S. L., & Rehman, S. U. (2015). Embodied head gesture and distance education. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 2034-2041. https://doi.org/f3pk6c

Knerl, L., & Hayes, J. (2020). 10 best distance learning tools for teachers. HP. https://store.hp.com/us/en/tech-takes/best-distance-learning-tools-for-teachers

Maslen, G. (2020, August 13). Coronavirus: Impacts of school and university lockdowns. University World News.

https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=2020081313184272

Pi, Z., Xu, K., Liu, C., & Yang, J. (2020). Instructor presence in video lectures: Eye gaze matters, but not body orientation. Computers & Education, 144, 1-8. https://doi.org/gjk2hw

Rafidi, R. (2020, June 24). Address e-learning challenges, students urge. New Straits Times. https://www.nst.com.my/education/2020/06/603056/address-e-learning-challenges-students-urge

Rahmat, N. H., Roslan, M. A., Othman, N. A., & Ramli, N. F. M. (2019). The influence of kinesics and vocalic in ESL oral presentation among undergraduates. Global Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 3(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.20448/807.5.1.1.13

Rana, P. (2020, July 16). COVID-19 impact on education sector: Adopt digital way. YourStory. https://yourstory.com/mystory/impact-covid-19-education-sector

Safarali, S. K., & Hamidi, H. (2012). The impact of videos presenting speakers’ gestures and facial clues on Iranian EFL learners’ listening comprehension. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 1(6), 106-114. https://doi.org/g68k

Sander, L., & Bauman, O. (2020, May 19). Zoom fatigue is real – Here’s why video calls are so draining. TED Ideas. https://ideas.ted.com/zoom-fatigue-is-real-heres-why-video-calls-are-so-draining/

Sarkar, M., & Mohanty, D. A. (2021). Role of kinesics in a virtual classroom: A study on the perception of engineering students. Wutan Huatan Jisuan Jishu, XVII (1), 517-529. http://www.wthtjsjs.cn/gallery/46-whjj-jan-5692.pdf

Shuchi. (2018). Significance of learning non-verbal communication. Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences, 489-493. http://www.ocerint.org/intcess18_e-publication/papers/123.pdf

Sklar, J. (2020). ‘Zoom fatigue’ is taxing the brain. Here’s why that happens. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/coronavirus-zoom-fatigue-is-taxing-the-brain-here-is-why-that-happens

Tawil, R. A. (2019). Nonverbal communication in text-based, asynchronous online education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(1), 144-164. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i1.3705

Tian, Y., & Bourguet, M. L. (2016). Lecturer’s hand gestures as clues to detect pedagogical significance in video lectures. Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 1-3. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2970930.2970933

Walker. A. (2020, June 4). University agility in the era of Covid-19. Monash University. https://www.monash.edu.my/news-and-events/pages/latest/articles/2020/university-agility-in-the-era-of-covid-19

Wang, Y., Liu, Q., Chen, W., Wang, Q., & Stein, D. (2018). Effects of instructor’s facial expressions on students’ learning with video lectures. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 1381- 1395. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12633

Wangchuk, R. N. (2020, November 12). Can’t see board, hear the teacher’: Why students like my brother deserve better. The Better India.

https://www.thebetterindia.com/241722/aishwarya-reddy-suicide-brother-delhi-university-lsr-hansraj-college-online-classes-digital-divide-india-ladakh-leh-internet-nor41/

Wu, S., & Pang, J. (2020, March 20). A poorer student falls behind in Hong Kong as Coronavirus forces online learning. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-hongkong-students-idUSKBN2170X5

Ying, T. P. (2020, March 15). Covid-19: Universities active e-learning mode. New Straits Times. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/574766/covid-19-universities-activate-e-learning-mode

Zhang, J., Bourguet, M. L., & Venture, G. (2018). The effects of video instructor’s body language on students’ distribution of visual attention: An eye-tracking study. Proceedings of the 32nd International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (HCI), Belfast, UK. https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2018.101


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 2289-1528