Isu Sawit Malaysia dalam Laporan Akhbar Kesatuan Eropah
Abstract
Artikel ini membahaskan bagaimana media Eropah melaporkan mengenai sawit Malaysia kepada pengguna di negara-negara Kesatuan Eropah. Isu kelapa sawit seperti yang dilaporkan oleh akhbar-akhbar Eropah dikatakan membawa banyak keburukan dan memberi impak terhadap alam sekitar, penebangan hutan, kepupusan spesies haiwan dan buruh kanak-kanak. Peranan dan pengaruh media Eropah yang konsisten dalam memberi laporan dan membawa sentimen kepada pengguna Eropah tentang keburukan sawit Malaysia berjaya mencetuskan kempen anti sawit dalam kalangan para pengguna. Hal ini turut menyebabkan penurunan eksport sawit Malaysia ke Kesatuan Eropah, yang secara tidak langsung telah menjejaskan nasib 600,000 pekebun sawit di Malaysia. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian kepustakaan terhadap sumber-sumber seperti surat khabar negara Kesatuan Eropah yang mempunyai jumlah pembaca tertinggi di negara masing-masing seperti Guardian dan BBC (United Kingdom), Fakt, Gazeta Wyborcza dan Super Express (Poland), The Brussel Times, Metro dan Gazet Van Antwerpen (Belgium) untuk menganalisis isu-isu sawit yang dilaporkan dalam media ini. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa isu sawit dalam laporan akhbar Kesatuan Eropah yang dipaparkan oleh media Eropah mengenai keburukan sawit Malaysia tidak berlaku seperti mana yang dilaporkan. Hakikatnya, tindakan yang dilakukan tersebut adalah bertujuan untuk ‘melindungi’ agenda sebenar mereka, iaitu untuk menggantikan sawit dengan tanaman soya mereka. Isu yang digembar-gemburkan oleh akhbar-akhbar tersebut telah memberikan imej yang buruk terhadap industri sawit Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Kesatuan Eropah, minyak sawit Malaysia, MPOB, MPOC, biofuel.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aszlan Selamat, & Shakila Yacob. (2019). Isu antiminyak sawit dan peranan surat khabar dalam mencorakkan hubungan Malaysia-Amerika Syarikat, 1986-1989 (Anti-palm oil issue and the role of U.S. newspapers in shaping Malaysia-US relations, 1986-1989). Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies, 46(2), 295-321.
Azlizan Mat Enh, & Norlilawati Samak. (2020). Peranan akhbar sebagai wadah komunikasi pemerintah selepas Pilihan Raya Umum 1969. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(1), 1-19.
Barr, S. (2018, December 22). ‘Banned’ Iceland christmas advert named UK’s favourite. Independent UK. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/christmas/iceland-christmas-advert-banned-palm-oil-sainsburys-aldi-mcdonalds-boots-a8695856.html
BBC News. (2013, June 24). South East Asia haze: What is slash-and-burn?. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-23026219
BBC News. (2019a, September 16). Indonesia haze: Why do forests keep burning?. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34265922
BBC News. (2019b, 18 July). Orangutan numbers stable but palm oil still a threat. https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-49036245
Bernama. (2018, Februari 19). Jabatan Hidupan Liar nafi 6,100 orang utan dibunuh di Sabah. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/jabatan-hidupan-liar-nafi-6100-orang-utan-dibunuh-di-sabah-168479
Bernama. (2018, October 17). Dewan Rakyat lulus rang undang-undang kanak-kanak dan orang muda. https://www.bernama.com/bm/news.php?id=1654957
Bernama. (2019, September 18). Jerebu: Kerajaan akan bertindak terhadap syarikat malaysia yang sebabkan jerebu. https://www.bernama.com/bm/news.php?id=1768730
Butler, R. A. (2013, November, 15). Malaysia has the world’s highest deforestation rate, reveals Google forest map. Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2013/11/malaysia-has-the-worlds-highest-deforestation-rate-reveals-google-forest-map/
Chełmiński, J. (2019, June 17). Palm oil, however, good? WWF: Better than soy. Gazeta Wyborcza. https://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/7,54420,24910277,olej-palmowy-jednak-dobry-wwf-lepszy-niz-sojowy.html?disableRedirects=true.&disableRedirects=true
Dongen, A. V. (2019, 13 Mac). Palm oil in biodiesel is not sustainable, says brussels now. ‘And that's good for the orangutan’. Algemeen Dagblad.
https://www.ad.nl/buitenland/palmolie-in-biodiesel-is-niet-duurzaam-zegt-brussel-nu-en-dat-is-goed-voor-de-orang-oetang~a30c6142/
Er Ah Choy, Mohd Azlan Abdullah, & Rosmiza Mohd Zainol. (2012). Kemampanan persekitaran klaster sawit: Kajian kes di sekitar Pulau Carey, Selangor. Geografia-Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 8(8), 121-129.
Fakt. (2018, Oktober 3). Well-known crisp producers change their composition. https://www.fakt.pl/pieniadze/zakupy/zmieni-sie-sklad-chipsow-lays-w-polsce-olej-slonecznikowy-zamiast-palmowego/1ec1q37
Halina Mohd Noor. (2019, September 21). Jerebu punca jangkitan pernafasan jejas saluran darah. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/wanita/sihat/2019/09/609214/jerebu-punca-jangkitan-pernafasan-jejas-saluran-darah
Ibrahim, M. (2018, November 12). Iceland's 'Rang-tan' ad hits 30m online views and prompts petition. Campaign. https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/icelands-rang-tan-ad-hits-30m-online-views-prompts-petition/1498682
Izzah Syazwany Mohd Nasir, Noraida Abdul Rani, & Er Ah Choy. (2017). Faktor pemilihan minyak sawit dalam kalangan pengguna: Kajian empirikal di Putrajaya, Malaysia. Geografia-Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 11(8), 66-77.
Kedutaan A.S. di Malaysia. (2021). Laporan pemerdagangan orang 2021 (Malaysia). https://my.usembassy.gov/ms/our-relationship-ms/laporan-rasmi/2021-trafficking-in-persons-report-malaysia-ms/
Lind, S. (2019, October 8). Indonesian inaction forces EU’s hand with regard to palm oil forest fires. The Brussels Times. https://www.brusselstimes.com/opinion/72097/indonesia- inaction-forces-eus-hand-with-regard-to-palm-oil-forest-fires/
Malaysian Palm Oil Board. (2007). Overview of the Malaysian oil palm industry 2017. https://econ.mpob.gov.my/economy/overview07.htm
Malaysian Palm Oil Board. (2018). Overview of the Malaysian oil palm industry 2018. https://bepi.mpob.gov.my/images/overview/Overview_of_Industry_2018.pdf
Malaysian Palm Oil Board. (2019). Overview of the Malaysian oil palm industry 2019. https://bepi.mpob.gov.my/images/overview/Overview_of_Industry_2019.pdf
Malaysian Palm Oil Council. (2018). The implications of EU resolution to the Malaysian palm oil industry. http://mpoc.org.my/the-implications-of-eu-resolution-to-the-malaysian-palm-oil-industry/
Mastalerek, M. (2018, February 12). Stop dla oleju palmowego! Poznań troszczy się o... orangutany!. Poznan. https://www.se.pl/poznan/stop-dla-oleju-palmowego-poznan-troszczy-sie-o-orangutany-aa-GRXN-vYjR-To7Q.html
Marlyna Maros, Azianura Hani Shaari, & Er Ah Choy. (2019). Sikap belia dalam industri sawit di Malaysia: Satu kajian keperluan. Akademika, 89(1), 175-189.
Maslida Yusof, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Harishon Radzi, & Karim Harun. (2021). Pelaporan isu kelapa sawit dalam tajuk akhbar dalam talian: Analisis pragmatik. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(1), 126-145.
Metro. (2019). Greenpeace viseert palmoliebeleid Mondelez. https://nl.metrotime.be/nieuws/greenpeace-viseert-palmoliebeleid-mondelez
Ministry of International Trade and Industry. (2017). Laporan MITI 2017. https://www.miti.gov.my/miti/resources/MITI%20Report/LAPORAN_MITI_2017_(BM).pdf
Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities (MPIC) (2018). Kementerian industri utama misi ekonomi dan promosi sawit ke Kesatuan Eropah (EU) dan Switzerland 28 September – 6 Oktober 2018 [Press release]. https://www.mpic.gov.my/mpi/info-siaran-media/siaran-media-2018/kenyataan-akhbar-28-september-2018
Mohammed Fadel Arandas, & Loh Yoke Ling. (2020). Indonesian crisis communication response after deliberate forest fires and transboundary haze. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(4), 294-307.
Mohd Iskandar Ibrahim (2019,Ogos 23). Industri sawit negara patuh standard kelestarian. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/08/599083/industri-sawit-negara-patuh-standard-kelestarian
Mohd Izham Abdullah. (2019, Julai 18). Sabah di landasan betul lindungi orang utan - WWF Malaysia. Berita Harian.
https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/wilayah/2019/07/586340/sabah-di-landasan-betul-lindungi-orang-utan-wwf-malaysia
Novelli, E (2016). Sustainability as a success factor for palm oil producers supplying the European vegetable oil markets. Oil Palm Industry Economic J., 16(1), 8-17.
NST Business. (2018, November). Malaysia lauds UK regulator's ban on Iceland Food's anti-palm oil campaign. https://www.nst.com.my/business/2018/11/431968/malaysia-lauds-uk-regulators-ban-iceland-foods-anti-palm-oil-campaign
Nunez, C. (2019). Climate 101: Deforestation. National Geography.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/deforestation/
Oosterveer, P. (2020). Sustainability of palm oil and its acceptance in the EU. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 32(3), 365-376.
Palm Oil Registration and Licensing Authority (PORLA), Malaysia. (1994). PORLA palm oil statistics 1994. Kuala Lumpur: PORLA.
Parliament of Malaysia. (2019). Pemberitahuan pertanyaan lisan Dewan Rakyat Mesyuarat Ketiga, Penggal Ketiga, Parlimen Ketiga Belas. https://pardocs.sinarproject.org/documents/2019-march-april-parliamentary-session/oral-questions-soalan-lisan/2019-03-13-parliamentary-replies/par14p2m1-soalan-lisan-1.pdf
Parliament of Malaysia. (2019). Kertas putih: Ke arah kelestarian Lembaga Kemajuan Tanah Persekutuan (FELDA). https://www.pmo.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Kertas-Putih-FELDA-2019.pdf
Ruzaini Zulkepli. (2018, Mei 21) Shafie tekad siasat kes kematian gajah Pygmy Borneo. Astro Awani. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/shafie-tekad-siasat-kes-kematian-gajah-pygmy-borneo-176073
Samadi Ahmad. (2019, September 19). Indonesia perlu buktikan syarikat dari Malaysia punca jerebu. Berita Harian.
https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/09/608670/indonesia-perlu-buktikan-syarikat-dari-malaysia-punca-jerebu
Siti Rahyla Rahmat, Suziana Mat Yasin, Mohamad Fadhli Mad, & Atari Azmil Tayeb. (2021). Seeking for sustainability: Actor’s perspective on the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil Certification Scheme (MSPO). Geografia-Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 17(2), 65-78.
Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report. (2017). Children in the plantations of Sabah, challenges for business and recommendation for improved sustainability practices.
Suhaila Shahrul Annuar. (2017, March 29). Tiada buruh kanak-kanak di ladang sawit. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2017/03/265485/tiada-buruh-kanak-kanak-di-ladang-sawit
Suhaila Shahrul Annuar. (2019, September 23). Berterusan salahkan industri sawit punca jerebu tidak adil. Berita Harian.
https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/09/610011/berterusan-salahkan-industri-sawit-punca-jerebu-tidak-adil
Suhana Saad, Mohd Yusof Abdullah, & Novel Lyndon. (2017). Peranan pemimpin pendapat dalam penyebaran penanaman kelapa sawit. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(2), 73-88.
Tullis, P. (2019, 19 Februari). How the world got hooked on palm oil. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/feb/19/palm-oil-ingredient-biscuits-shampoo-environmental
Unilever. (2019). Transforming the palm oil industry. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoCntpoqyo0
Villadiego, L. (2015, November 9). Palm oil: why do we care more about orangutans than migrant workers? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/nov/09/palm-oil-migrant-workers-orangutans-malaysia-labour-rights-exploitation-environmental-impacts
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 2289-1528