Pendidikan Tinggi dan Perkhidmatan Awam Kolonial di Malaya, 1905-1948 (Higher Education and the Colonial Civil Service in Malaya, 1905-1948)
Abstract
During the colonial era, “Malaya” referred to British colonial territories, encompassing the Federated Malay States (FMS), the Straits Settlements (SS), and the Unfederated Malay States (UMS). Despite differing levels of British control over these regions, colonial administration was largely consistent, governed through either the Malayan Civil Service (MCS) or the Malay Administrative Service (MAS). This article examines the development of colonial higher education, centralized in Singapore, to train the workforce for MCS and MAS in Malaya. Colonial records from series CO273, CO276, and CO717 are used to analyze policies on colonial higher education and its significance for MCS and MAS services. Institutional records and annual administrative reports also illustrate the impact and operations of these institutions. Findings reveal that colonial higher education was centered in Singapore rather than the Malay states, with King Edward VII College and Raffles College emerging as prestigious institutions. Both evolved to meet the workforce needs of MCS and MAS, while the Sultan Idris Training College (SITC) in Malaya was limited to training English-educated Malay teachers for primary schools.
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