Peranan Bitish dalam menangani Penyakit Tropika di Perak: Penumpuan terhadap Penyakit Malaria, Tuberkulosis dan Beri-Beri, 1915-1939 (The Role of British in dealing with Tropical Diseases in Perak: A Focus on Malaria, Tuberculosis and Beriberi, 1915-1939)
Abstract
This writing aims to see to what extent the effectiveness of the control measures taken by the British in dealing with the spread of three tropical diseases namely malaria, tuberculosis, and beriberi in the State of Perak between 1915 and 1939. The transmission of these three tropical diseases caused the decrease in public health and thus affected economic growth and viability in Perak. This writing uses qualitative historical research methods. The primary source files referred to in producing this article were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur and the National Archives of Malaysia Negeri Perak. While secondary sources are obtained from the National Library of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, the Public Library of Ipoh, Perak, and several libraries at the Institute of Public Higher Education (IPTA) such as the Hamzah Sendut 1 Library at the Universiti Sains Malaysia and the Universiti Malaya Main Library. This study has found that the British had implemented several initiatives to curb the spread of these three tropical diseases in Perak during the specified period. However, the health policy practiced by the British which was more europe-centric and coolie-centric has caused an imbalance in the provision of medical services. As a result, a small group within the local community, such as a small numbers of Malays who were not involved in commercial economic activities, did not have the opportunity to receive appropriate treatment.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak for the Year 1935
Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak for the Year 1936
Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak for the Year 1937
Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak for the Year 1938
Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak for the Year 1939
Awaludin Ahmad & Nordin Hussin. 2017. “Sejarah Penubuhan dan Perkembangan Central Lunatic Asylum Tanjung Rambutan.” Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 13(2): 1–17.
Badriyah Haji Salleh. 2013. “Di Antara Dasar dan Kesan: Hubungan Ekonomi, Penduduk dan Penyakit di Tanah Melayu di Bawah Pentadbiran British.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 46: 1–16.
Chee Heng Leng. 1982. “Health Status and the Development of Health Services in a Colonial State: The Case of British Malaya.” International Journal of Health Services. 12(3): 397–417.
CO 273/321, D. K. McDowell kepada Setiausaha Kolonial, 9 April 1906.
CO 438, Perak Annual Report, The Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak, 1888-1902.
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1920
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1924
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1925
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1926
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1928
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1929
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1931
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1934
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1935
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Malaria Advisory Board for the Year 1934
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Malaria Advisory Board for the Year 1936
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Malaria Advisory Board for the Year 1937
Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Malaria Advisory Board for the Year 1938
Federated Malay States Government Gazette 7 Mei 1920
Federated Malay States Government Gazette 18 Mei 1920
Hairudin Harun. 1988. Medicine and Imperialism: A Study of the British Colonial Medical Establishment, Health Policy and Medical Research in the Malay Peninsula, 1786-1918. Tesis Ijazah Kedoktoran, University of London.
Kannan, Nadaraja. 2002. Kemelesetan Ekonomi Dunia 1929-1933: Kesan Sosioekonomi di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu. Tesis Ijazah Kedoktoran, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Lai Ah Eng. 1986. Peasants, Proletarians and Prostitutes: A Preliminary Investigation into the Work of Chinese Women in the Early Colonial Malaya. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Manderson, Lenore. 1987. “Health Services and the Legitimation of the Colonial State British of Malaya 1786-1941.” International Journal of Health Services 17(1): 91–112.
Manderson, Lenore. 1996. Sickness and the State: Health and Illness in Colonial Malaya 1870-1940. England: Cambridge University Press.
Mills, Lennox A. 1942. British Rule in Eastern Asia: A Study of Contemporary Government and Economic Development in British Malaya and Hong Kong . London: Oxford University Press.
Muhammad Habil Sahidan et al. 2023. “Cholera Pandemic in Malaya: A Case Study in the State of Kedah, 1907–1940”, Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, Volume 18 (5): 160-176.
Noraini Mohamed Hassan. 2004. “Penyakit Tropika di Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu 1896-1914: Tumpuan kepada penyakit Beri-beri, Malaria, dan penyakit Usus”, Tesis Ijazah Sarjana, Universiti Malaya.
Nur Liyana Mohd Sukri. 2020. “British Colonialism: The Development of Health and Institutions in Perak 1911-1939.” European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences 89(46): 511–21.
Parmer, J. Norman. 1989. “Health and Health Services in British Malaya in the 1920s.” Modern Asian Studies 23(1): 49–71.
Penrose, R. A. F. 1903. “The Tin Deposits of the Malay Peninsula with Special Reference to Those of the Kinta District.” The Journal of Geology 11(2): 135–54.
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1915
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1919
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1920
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1922
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1924
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1927
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1929
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1930
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1931
Perak Administration Report for the Year 1932
Peter, Lee J. 2017. A Medical History of Pulau Pinang 1900-1957, with Special Attention to Malaria, Tuberculosis and Leprosy. Tesis Ijazah Kedoktoran, Universiti Malaya.
Kai Hong Phua. 1987. The Development of Health Services in Malaya and Singapore, 1867-1960. Tesis Ijazah Kedoktoran, University of London.
Sawi Linus Sungat dan Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja. 2016. “Peranan Institut Penyelidikan Perubatan dalam Menangani Masalah Sosioekonomi di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu 1896-1914.” Sejarah: Jurnal Jabatan Sejarah Universiti Malaya 25(2): 109–29.
Siti Alwaliyah Mansor dan Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus. 2019. “Penularan Penyakit Beri-beri di Penjara Negeri-Negeri Selat: Penelitian Terhadap Sebab dan Langkah-langkah Kawalannya, 1870-1915.” Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics and Strategic Studies 46 (1): 27-57.
Suriati Ahmad dan David Jones. 2013. “Investigating the Mining Heritage Significance for Kinta District, the Industrial Heritage Legacy of Malaysia.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 105: 445–57.
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Adviser (Weekly), 6 Julai 1922.
The Straits Times, 8 Disember 1920.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
e-ISSN: 2682-8839