Pemikiran Kebahagiaan Menurut Aristotle dan Ibnu Miskawayh: Satu Analisis Awalan (Happiness Thought According to Aristotle and Ibn Miskawah: A Preliminary Analysis)
Abstract
Kebahagiaan merupakan salah satu topik utama yang mendominasi wacana falsafah etika. Konsep kebahagiaan mula dibincangkan sejak munculnya perbincangan falsafah iaitu pada zaman Yunani klasik seperti yang dibincangkan oleh Aristotle dalam buku Nicomachean Ethic, sehingga dibincangkan dalam tamadun Islam oleh beberapa ahli falsafah Islam seperti Ibn Miskawayh dalam Tahdhib al Akhlaq. Kedua tokoh tersebut mempunyai pendekatan yang berbeza berkaitan konsep kebahagiaan. Justeru, kajian ini menganalisis makna dan cara mencapai kebahagiaan yang telah dibincangkan menurut perspektif dua orang tokoh pemikir tersebut berdasarkan hasil penulisan mereka. Penelitian ini mengetengahkan metode perbandingan makna dan cara mencapai kebahagiaan. Hasil kajian mendapati wujud persamaan dan perbezaan dalam konsep kebahagiaan di antara Aristotle dan Ibn Miskawayh dalam beberapa aspek tertentu. Eudaimonia, merupakan konsep yang dibincangkan melalui perbincangan menerusi pencarian Aristotle melalui persoalan yang menjadi tumpuan manusia iaitu apakah yang menjadi tujuan akhir dan kebaikan yang tertinggi dalam kehidupan manusia. Selain itu, kebahagiaan dapat dicapai melalui aspek pemilihan dan pengawalan tingkah laku serta perbuatan dalam kesederhanaan serta hubungan nalaran yang telah dibincangkan oleh Aristotle dan Ibnu Miskawayh melalui kaitan dan perbezaannya.
Kata kunci: Aristotle; Ibnu Miskawayh; Kebahagiaan; Nalaran; Falsafah akhlak
ABSTRACT
Happiness is one of the main topics that dominated the discourse of ethical philosophy. The concept of happiness began to be discussed since the emergence of philosophical discussions in the era of classical Greece as discussed by Aristotle in the book Nicomachean Ethics until the age of Islamic civilization by several Islamic philosophers such as Ibn Miskawayh in Tahdhib al Akhlaq. The two figures had different approaches regarding the concept of happiness. Hence, this study analyzed the meaning of happiness and how to achieve it according to the perspectives of the two thinkers based on their writings. This study highlighted the method of comparing the meaning of happiness and how to achieve it. The results of the study found that there were similarities and differences in the concept of happiness between Aristotle and Ibn Miskawayh in certain aspects. Eudaimonia is a concept that was discussed in Aristotle's search and discourse; through questions that often became the focus of human beings which are what is the end goal and what is the highest deed in a human’s life. Besides, happiness can be achieved through the aspects of selection and control of behaviour as well as actions in moderation. The rational relationship of happiness was also discussed by Aristotle and Ibn Miskawayh through its similarities and differences.
Keywords: Aristotle; Ibnu Miskawayh; Happiness; Reason; Philosophy of ethics
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