Intelligent Wearable Assistive Device for Guiding Visually Impaired Persons Using IoT-Based Sensor and Image Processing System

Abstract

Blind and visually impaired people encounter constant difficulties in navigating unfamiliar environments, which often restricts their independence and mobility. Traditional tools such as the white cane provide limited support, mainly detecting objects only in close proximity. In this work, a wearable solution in the form of a smart jacket is presented to overcome these limitations. The system uses Raspberry Pi as the main controller, ultrasonic sensors used in the measuring distance of obstacles, and vibration motors used to provide real-time haptic feedback to the user. A camera module is also included in case of image-based improvement. The sensor signals are processed immediately, therefore, allowing timely notifications whenever an obstacle is located within the safety range. Experimental testing was performed in both indoor corridors and outdoor walkways with the results confirming that the prototype had the ability to detect objects with consistency over a range between 30 cm and 200 cm. As compared to handheld devices, the smart jacket offers a hands-free experience, ensuring greater freedom of movement while maintaining safety. The results indicate that wearable assistive technology can be critical in enhancing the quality of life of the visually impaired individuals. The possible future developments of this study are GPS location guidance, object classification using artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things connectivity to support better navigation