Amalan Service-Learning Berdasarkan Falsafah dan Matlamat Pendidikan dalam Islam

Abstract

Islam menekankan penghasilan insan beriman, mempunyai jati diri unggul dan berusaha membangunkan agama dan negara. Islam mengangkat usaha khidmat kepada masyarakat sebagai ibadah. Malah, Islam adalah agama rahmat dan dakwah ke arah kebaikan dan perubahan positif dalam masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan peranan pembelajaran berasaskan khidmat bersama masyarakat (Service-Learning) dari perspektif falsafah dan matlamat pendidikan dalam Islam. Falsafah dan matlamat pendidikan dalam Islam menekankan keperluan kepada pengalaman pembelajaran secara teori dan praktikal dengan hasrat melahirkan insan bermanfaat. Service-Learning (S-L) menawarkan pengalaman pembelajaran yang bermakna secara teori dan praktikal melalui berkhidmat untuk masyarakat. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian literatur secara sistematik (systematic review) dengan mengumpulkan kajian-kajian amalan S-L di beberapa negara bermula dari tahun 1995 hingga 2019. Kajian mendapati Islam memberikan penekanan terhadap pembelajaran berasaskan khidmat kepada masyarakat. Malah ia menjadi sebahagian tujuan ke arah pengabdian dan islah dalam masyarakat. Selain itu juga, terdapat impak positif daripada S-L dari perspektif Islam. Secara khususnya S-L membentuk keperibadian Muslim, menerapkan kesedaran dan nilai tanggungjawab sosial dan impak keagamaan menerusi dakwah. Oleh itu S-L dicadangkan agar lebih diperkasakan perlaksanaannya dalam kursus dan program pengajian Islam.

Service-Learning According to the Philosophy and Objective of Education in Islam

Islam emphasises on producing well-rounded individuals who are equipped with strong faith, noble identity and able to contribute extensively to religion and nation. Islam views service to others as part of ‘ibadah (submission). Also, it relates to Islam as a religion of mercy (rahmah) and promoting good (da’wah) by offering services and bringing positive changes in the community. This article aims to clarify the roles of community Service-Learning (S-L) based on the philosophy and objective of education in Islam. Islam draws attention to education specifically experiential learning where theories of knowledge and real-world activities are blended together. Service-Learning offers a meaningful learning experience by applying theory of knowledge to the real world through services to the community. A systematic review approach was employed in gathering the reports and articles on Service-Learning practices across countries from the year 1995 until 2019. It is discovered that Islam gives special emphasis on learning and servicing to others. In fact, the latter is considered as a part of submission and promoting changes (islah) in community. From the Islamic perspective, S-L provides many positive impacts. It builds good character among Muslim students, enhances their social awareness and promotes civic responsibility. Additionally S-L has rewarding impacts on students faith. From the lens of da’wah, S-L brings positive religious changes to the society. Thus, it is suggested that S-L is implemented extensively in Islamic studies courses and programmes.