Impak Penterjemahan Kata Kerja al-Quran Pola Afᶜala bagi Menangani Jurang Leksikal terhadap Mesej al-Quran

Abstract

Penterjemahan al-Quran ke bahasa Melayu merupakan usaha yang sangat mencabar. Antara cabarannya yang utama ialah kesukaran untuk menangani isu jurang leksikal. Jurang leksikal ialah ketidakwujudan item leksikal yang tepat dalam bahasa sasaran untuk menjelaskan konsep yang dikemukakan oleh bahasa sumber. Penterjemah perlu mencari teknik terjemahan terbaik untuk merapatkan jurang leksikal agar hasil terjemahan menepati mesej Allah SWT. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menghuraikan impak penterjemahan kata kerja al-Quran pola afᶜala bagi menangani jurang leksikal terhadap mesej al-Quran. Kajian kualitatif melalui pengaplikasian reka bentuk kajian kes ini melibatkan 32 potongan ayat al-Quran dan 64 terjemahannya yang dikemukakan oleh Tafsir Pimpinan Ar-Rahman kepada Pengertian al-Qur’an (TPR) dan Al-Qur’an Mushaf Malaysia dan Terjemahan (QMMT). Bagi merealisasikan objektif, teknik Terjemahan Intervensi oleh Darwish (2010) diterapkan sebagai rangka kerja teoritikal. Dapatan kajian merumuskan dua impak utama, iaitu terjemahan yang berjaya merapatkan jurang leksikal serta menghasilkan mesej al-Quran dengan jelas dan terjemahan yang kurang berjaya merapatkan jurang leksikal dan menjejaskan penyampaian mesej al-Quran. Kejayaan merapatkan jurang leksikal dibuktikan dengan terjemahan terminologi fikah dan kata kerja al-Quran yang kompleks yang jelas, pengeksplisitan makna denotasi dan konotasi kata kerja al-Quran serta pengekalan kesantunan bahasa al-Quran. Ketidaksempurnaan dalam menangani jurang leksikal ini pula dibuktikan dengan kehilangan sebahagian daripada mesej al-Quran, kekeliruan terhadap konsep terminologi Islam dan penghasilan mesej yang dipengaruhi oleh cerita isrā’īliyyat. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa jurang leksikal merupakan cabaran yang kritikal dalam terjemahan al-Quran disebabkan wujudnya konflik antara kata kerja al-Quran dengan item leksikal bahasa Melayu. Penterjemah al-Quran perlu memberikan perhatian yang wajar terhadap isu ini bagi menghasilkan terjemahan al-Quran yang berkualiti.

The Impact of the Translation of Quranic afᶜala Verb Forms in Addressing the Lexical Gaps in Quranic Messages

Translating the Quran is an extremely daunting task. One of its main challenges is the difficulty in addressing the lexical gap. The lexical gap phenomenon is the inexistence of an exact lexical in the target language, to explain a concept presented by the source language.  The translator needs to identify the best translation technique to narrow the lexical gaps, so that the translation outcome precisely reflects the message of Allah SWT. The objective of this research is to identify the impact of the translation of Quranic afᶜala verb forms to address the lexical gaps in Quranic messages.  The research data comprised of 32 verse samples that contained lexical gaps in the Quranic afᶜala verb forms, and 64 of its translations in the Tafsir Pimpinan Ar-Rahman kepada Pengertian al-Qur’an” and al-Qur’an Mushaf Malaysia dan Terjemahan. This research adopted the qualitative research approach through the case study design application. In order to realise the objectives of the research, the Intervention Translation Technique by Darwish (2010) was applied as the theoretical framework.  The research findings formulated two main translation impacts, which are translations that have successfully bridged the lexical gaps between Quranic afᶜala verb forms and the Malay language, as well as transmitting Quranic messages clearly to Quranic translation readers; and translations that were less successful in bridging the lexical gaps between Quranic afᶜala verb forms and the Malay language, and which compromised the conveyance of effective Quranic messages to Quranic translation readers.  The success in narrowing the lexical gaps was able to explain the fikah terminology concept to the many, unravel the complex Quranic verb forms, make explicit the denotative and connotative meanings of Quranic verb forms, as well as maintain the propriety of the language of the Quran. The inadequacy in addressing these lexical gaps have resulted in the loss of parts of Quranic messages, confusion towards Islamic terminology concepts, leading to excessive messages that are influenced by isrā’īliyyat  stories.  In summary, this research proves that the lexical gap phenomenon is a critical challenge in the translation of the Quran because of the existence of conflicts between Quranic verb forms and Malay lexical forms, and therefore, Quran translators need to give their utmost attention towards this issue in order to produce high quality Quranic translations.