The Reformation Era of the Ottoman Government in Early 19th Century A.D. (Era Pembaharuan Kerajaan Uthmaniyah Pada Abad Ke-19 Masehi)

Abstract

In 1789m, France Revolution has effected Ottoman government directly. Ottoman government was facing a lot of crisis in leadership and management at the time. Ottoman government has taken and used ideas from the west to counter the crisis in order to reformation their management. This article explores and analyses the reformation process that has been done by the Ottoman government in the 19 century A.D. The objective of this article is to show that the change was done in economy, politics and social aspects in the Ottoman government. This research uses qualitative method from literature based on primary and secondary sources. The result from this research found that the by the Ottoman government had gradually reduced self confidence amongst their Muslim citizens. The importance of this research is relevant as the change and reformation that has been made in the Ottoman government is the factor that has brought to an end the Ottoman government.