PERBANDINGAN SIKAP KERAJAAN PARTI BURUH BRITAIN BERHUBUNG ISU PALESTIN KETIKA PERANG ARAB ISRAEL, JUN 1967 DAN PERANG YOM KIPPUR, OKTOBER 1973 [COMPARING BRITAIN’ S LABOR GOVERNMENT ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PALESTINIAN ISSUES IN THE SIX-DAY ARAB ISRAELI WAR OF JUNE 1967 AND THE YOM KIPPUR WAR OF OCTOBER 1973]
Abstract
Kajian ini menganalisis secara perbandingan sikap kerajaan Parti Buruh Britain berhubung isu Palestin dalam peristiwa Perang Enam Hari Arab-Israel, 1967 dan Perang Yom Kippur, 1973. Pada tahun 1967, Britain dikuasai oleh Parti Buruh di bawah kepimpinan Perdana Menteri Harold Wilson dan George Brown sebagai Setiausaha Luar. Mulai tahun 1974, Parti Buruh kembali memerintah dengan James Callaghan sebagai Setiausaha Luar sebelum menjadi Perdana Menteri pada tahun 1976. Objektif utama penyelidikan ini ialah menganalisis sikap kerajaan Parti Buruh Britain pada dua tempoh masa yang berbeza berhubung isu Palestin dalam konflik Arab Israel. Perbandingan ini diperlukan untuk membetulkan persepsi popular bahawa kerajaan Parti Buruh pada 1967 lebih bersikap pro-Arab manakala kerajaan Parti Buruh era 1970-an bersikap pro-Israel. Reputasi tokoh pro-Arab seperti Setiausaha Luar, George Brown berbanding James Callaghan pada 1973 bagaimanapun tidak menjanjikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap polisi pro-Israel kerajaan Parti Buruh Britain. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan metodologi disiplin sejarah melalui teknik analisis kualitatif dengan interpretasi keatas dokumen-dokumen arkib, khususnya yang diperolehi di Arkib Nasional United Kingdom di London. Dapatan kajian ini pula mendedahkan sikap kerajaan Parti Buruh Britain dalam dua era ini sebenarnya tidaklah banyak berbeza dan bersifat pro-Israel dalam isu Palestin sepanjang konflik Arab-Israel dari tahun 1967 sehingga selepas tahun 1973.
Kata Kunci: Britain, sikap, Parti Buruh, Palestin, Perang Arab Israel
Abstract
This study analyses comparatively the attitude of Britain’ s Labor government towards Palestine’ s issue in the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of 1973. In 1967, Harold Wilson was the Prime Minister, and George Brown was the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The party returned to power in 1974 with James Callaghan was the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, subsequently appointed as a Prime Minister in 1976. The main objective of the study is to analyze the attitude of the labor government towards the Palestine issues in the Arab-Israel conflicts in two different periods. The comparison is to correct the popular perception that the Labor in 1967 was a pro-Arab regime whilst the Labor in the 1970s was pro-Israelis. Nevertheless, the reputation of George Brown as a pro-Arab leader compared to James Callaghan in 1973 did not significantly change the Labor government’ s pro-Israeli policy. A historical study methodology is applied in this research through a qualitative analysis technique by interpreting the declassified archival records from the National Archive of the United Kingdom. The major finding of the study concluded that the pro-Israeli attitude of Britain’ s labor government towards Palestine’ s issues was unaltered throughout the wars.
Keywords: Britain, attitude, Labor Party, Palestine, Arab Israeli war
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