THE BATTLE OF ‘AYN JALUT : THE STRONGHOLD OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD AFTER THE FALL OF BAGHDAD [PERANG ‘AYN JALUT: BENTENG PERTAHANAN DUNIA ISLAM SELEPAS KEJATUHAN BAGHDAD]

Nur Nasuha A. Rahman, Farid Mat Zain

Abstract


Abstrak

 

Kejatuhan Baghdad mencatatkan satu sejarah hitam dalam sejarah Islam yang menandakan berakhirnya empayar Islam yang telah berkuasa selama 656 tahun sejak daripada zaman Rasulullah SAW sehinggalah Kerajaan ‘Abbasiyyah. Serangan yang dilakukan oleh Mongol adalah satu serangan yang telah mengakibatkan hampir 200,000-800,000 kematian dan khazanah dunia Islam musnah. Misi Hulagu Khan adalah untuk menguasai seluruh dunia Islam, namun begitu hasrat tersebut berjaya dipatahkan oleh Kerajaan Mamluk melalui Peperangan Ayn Jalut yang berlaku pada 3 September 1260M. Dimana selepas menguasai Baghdad, Hulagu Khan mengarahkan tentera Mongol bergerak ke utara Syria untuk menakluki wilayah Islam yang masih berbaki, antaranya Aleppo dan DImashq. Setelah berjaya, Hulagu Khan mula mengorak langkah untuk menguasai Mesir, dan kemudiannya telah berlaku pertembungan di antara Mongol dan Mamluk yang merupakan kerajaan yang berkuasa di Mesir, di sebuah kawasan bernama Ayn Jalut. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis Perang Ayn Jalut yang menjadi benteng pertahanan dunia Islam selepas kejatuhan Baghdad. Kajian ini dilakukan berdasarkan kaedah pensejarahan dengan menganalisis terhadap sumber primer dan sekunder serta sumber-sumber semasa yang dihasilkan. Kajian ini mendapati kemenangan Mamluk dalam Peperangan Ayn Jalut memberi kesan yang mendalam dalam sejarah Islam, sekaligus menyekat kemaraan Mongol untuk menguasai dunia Islam.

 

Kata kunci: Mamluk, Mongol, Perang Ayn Jalut, benteng, dunia Islam

 

Abstract

 

The fall of Baghdad recorded a black history in Islamic history that marked the end of the Islamic Empire that had ruled for 656 years from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the Abbasid Empire. The Mongol attack was one that resulted in nearly 200,000-800,000 deaths and the treasures of the Islamic world were destroyed. Hulagu Khan's mission was to control the entire Islamic world; however, this desire was successfully broken by the Mamluk Kingdom through the battle of Ayn Jalut which took place on September 3, 1260M. Where after controlling Baghdad, Hulagu Khan directed the Mongol army to move to northern Syria to conquer the remaining Islamic territories, including Aleppo and Damascus. After his success, Hulagu Khan began to make moves to control Egypt, and then there was a clash between the Mongols and the Mamluks who were the ruling Kingdom in Egypt, in an area called Ayn Jalut. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the Battle of Ayn Jalut which became the stronghold of the Islamic world after the fall of Baghdad. This study is conducted based on historical methods by analyzing primary and secondary sources as well as contemporary sources produced. This study found that the Mamluk victory in the battle of Ain Jalut made a deep impression on Islamic history, as well as blocking the Mongol championship to control the Islamic world.

 

Keyword: Mamluk, Mongol, the Battle of Ayn Jalut, stronghold, Islamic world


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