BRITISH INTELLIGENCE ON THE ISLAMIC COMMUNITY IN MALAYA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY [PERISIKAN BRITISH TERHADAP MASYARAKAT ISLAM DI TANAH MELAYU PADA AWAL ABAD KE-20]

Nazirah Lee

Abstract


British was prudence to the Muslim community in Malaya following the transformation that took place within the Muslim world following the First World War. British role in the demise of the Ottoman as well as in the conflict that occurred in Palestine serve as the impetus for this approach. Nevertheless, Malays’ oppositions and criticisms against British was still on tight rein and Britain took delight in controlling Malaya with support from a huge number of the Malays. Hence, this paper demonstrates responses and actions that persistently kept British in power in Malaya until 1957. Ergo, this paper illustrates historical background and analyzes intelligence activities carried out by the British on Muslims in 1914 until the 1950s. It also discusses steps took by the British following information obtained from their spies. Historical research methodology is utilized in this study. Discussions presented are based on primary sources, such as British administrative files and newspapers published in the period of study. In summary, this study emphasizes British delicate manoeuvres in order to stay in power in Malaya. Overall, this paper delineates cunning motions exercised by the British in ensuring that Muslims remains under its power. It illustrates in depth the cunning of British power in ensuring that Muslim society remain under their power.

 

Keyword: British, pilgrimage, Muslim, intelligence, Malaya

 

British sebagai kuasa penjajah memberi perhatian khusus kepada masyarakat Islam di Tanah Melayu ekoran daripada perubahan yang terjadi ekoran daripada Perang Dunia Pertama. Ini kerana British merupakan kuasa utama yang terlibat dalam peristiwa keruntuhan al-Dawlah al-‘Uthmaniyyah dan konflik di Palestin. Walaupun begitu, perkembangan dalam sejarah di Tanah Melayu memperlihatkan tentangan atau kritikan masyarakat Melayu terhadap British dapat dikawal dan kuasa British tetap dihormati oleh sebahagian besar masyarakat. Sehubungan itu, makalah ini menilai bentuk respon dan tindakan British sehingga kuasanya di Tanah Melayu dapat dipelihara sehingga 1957. Untuk itu, makalah ini membincangkan latar belakang perkembangan sejarah dan juga menganalisis aktiviti perisikan yang dilakukan oleh British kepada Muslim pada 1914 hingga 1950an. Ia juga membincangkan secara ringkas tindakan yang dilakukan oleh British ekoran daripada maklumat yang diperolehi melalui perisikan yang dijalankan. Kajian ini berasaskan kepada metodologi penyelidikan sejarah. Perbincangan adalah berasaskan kepada maklumat yang diperolehi daripada sumber primer seperti fail pentadbiran British dan akhbar sezaman sepanjang tempoh kajian. Ringkasnya, penelitian ini berkisar kepada respon British bagi menyelamatkan kedudukannya di Tanah Melayu. Ia menggambarkan dengan mendalam tentang kelicikan kuasa British dalam memastikan masyarakat Muslim kekal terjajah di bawah kuasanya.

 

Kata kunci: British, haji, masyarakat Islam, perisikan, Tanah Melayu


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