ANALISIS TEORI HUBUNGAN ANTARABANGSA DARI PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

Abstract

This study discusses four major theories of International Relations (IR), namely Realism, Idealism / Liberal, Neo-Marxism and Social Constructivism from Islamic perspective. The theories analyze various concepts and issues such as anarchy, the question of ‘agent-structure influences’, world economy inequality and others. The author attempts to critically examine them from Islamic worldview. The discussion is mainly focused on how Islam may offer an alternative view to a number of fundamental ideas championed by these four theories. The reason why these theories selected is because they offer basic understanding of International Relations which focuses on the anarchical situation of the international political structure. The definition of anarchy is based on the Classical Realism viewpoint which portrays the world’s condition as chaotic, where war is permissible as the last resort. Neo-Realism, however, comes up with a new belief that the real cause for instability is due to the absence of a world government. Realism’s anarchy has become major debates within the circles of other IR theories, particularly Idealism / Liberal, Neo-Marxism, and Social Constructivism. The main intention here is not to argue that these theories are on par with the teaching of Islam but rather to share and exchange of ideas to relocate IR theories to the Muslim world today. The method of this study is using documentary analysis by re-examining and comparing both IR theories and Islamic teachings on the question of anarchy, cooperation economic exploitation and agent-structure influences in the international political system.