Sokongan politik terhadap Barisan Nasional pra-PRU14 di Felda Chiku, Gua Musang: Analisis spatial berasaskan sistem maklumat geografi (Political support for barisan nasional pre-GE14 in Felda Chiku, Gua Musang: Spatial analysis based on geographical information system)

Suriana Ramli, Rosmadi Fauzi

Abstract


Kesesuaian penggunaan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) dalam kajian politik pilihanraya di Malaysia masih belum diterokai dengan lebih mendalam. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis corak taburan sokongan politik berdasarkan lokasi geografi penduduk FELDA Chiku, Gua Musang, Kelantan terhadap kerajaan Malaysia sebelum Pilihanraya Umum ke 14 menggunakan perisian GIS berdasarkan tiga aspek iaitu parti Barisan Nasional (BN), kepimpinan parti dan FELDA. Kajian turut mengenalpasti corak taburan kesejahteraan subjektif, kesejahteraan ekonomi, pendidikan dan pembangunan di FELDA Chiku, dan mengkaji pengaruh faktor-faktor ini ke atas sokongan politik. Kajian dijalankan secara kuantitatif melalui soal selidik ke atas 500 responden yang dipilih secara rawak berkelompok daripada populasi FELDA Chiku. Kajian mendapati majoriti responden memberikan persepsi yang positif terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif, kesejahteraan ekonomi dan pembangunan di FELDA Chiku. Tahap sokongan politik kepada BN, pemimpin Barisan Nasional dan FELDA pula adalah sederhana. Sokongan politik adalah tertinggi di Chiku 7 dan terendah di Perasu. Kajian ini juga telah membuktikan bahawa sokongan politik kepada parti BN dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan secara negatif. Sokongan politik kepada kepimpinan parti pula dipengaruhi oleh kesejahteraan ekonomi, pembangunan dan kesejahteraan subjektif, manakala sokongan kepada FELDA hanya dipengaruhi oleh kesejahteraan ekonomi. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini mengesahkan kesesuaian GIS dalam kajian geografi politik di Malaysia dan menyokong kajian terdahulu tentang hubungan di antara pembolehubah. Oleh itu, kajian ini boleh dijadikan rujukan oleh kerajaan dan pengurusan FELDA untuk menambahbaik perkhidmatan dan polisi awam bagi meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi rakyat. Kajian ini juga boleh memberikan maklumat berguna kepada parti, pemimpin dan calon politik dalam merancang strategi dan kempen yang lebih berkesan sebagai persediaan pilihanraya akan datang.

Kata Kunci: Analisis spatial GIS, kesejahteraan ekonomi, kesejahteraan subjektif, pendidikan, pembangunan, sokongan politik

The application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in political and electoral studies has not been fully explored in Malaysia. Therefore, this study intended to use GIS to evaluate the spatial patterns of voters’ political support in FELDA Chiku, Gua Musang towards the ruling government prior to the 14th Malaysian General Election (GE14) in terms of BN (Barisan Nasional) party, BN leadership and FELDA. This study also aimed to identify the spatial distribution of subjective well-being, economic well-being, education and development in FELDA Chiku, and to evaluate the influence of these factors on political support. The study was conducted using quantitative method through a survey of 500 respondents who were selected among FELDA Chiku population using a stratified random sampling technique. It was found that the majority of respondents had positive perceptions towards their subjective well-being, economic well-being and development in FELDA Chiku. Overall political support towards BN party, BN leaders and FELDA was at a moderate level. The highest political support was seen in Chiku 7 while the lowest was in Perasu. This study had also proven that political support towards BN party can be influenced negatively by education. Political support towards BN leadership is influenced by subjective well-being, economic well-being and development, while political support towards FELDA is affected only by economic well-being. Overall, this study had confirmed the suitability of GIS in political geography research and supported previous studies on the relationships between the study variables. Hence, the results can be used as a reference by the government to improve its service and public policies in order to improve the well-being of the citizens. The study may also be useful to political parties, leaders and candidates in planning more effective political strategies and campaigns before the next election.

Keywords: GIS spatial analysis, economic well-being, subjective well-being, education, socio-economic development, political support.


Keywords


Analisis spatial GIS; sokongan politik; kesejahteraan subjektif; kesejahteraan ekonomi; pendidikan; pembangunan

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/geo-2021-1704-08

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