Pelaksanaan Hibah Amanah Di Institusi-Institusi Perancangan Harta Islam Di Malaysia

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pada era globalisasi, masyarakat Islam khususnya di Malaysia telah mula celik dan cakna dalam memilih instrumen perancangan harta yang bersesuaian bagi mengekang perkara-perkara berbangkit setelah berlaku kematian. Malah, masyarakat mulai sedar tentang pemilihan instrumen perancangan harta yang patuh kepada Hukum Syarak dan boleh dikuatkuasakan oleh undang-undang. Seiring dengan perkembangan tersebut, institusi-institusi perancangan harta Islam di Malaysia telah mula mengorak langkah ke hadapan dengan melakukan beberapa inovasi bagi memenuhi permintaan masyarakat tersebut termasuklah pengenalan produk hibah amanah. Sebaliknya, terdapat isu lain yang timbul di mana produk hibah amanah yang diperkenalkan oleh sesetengah institusi perancangan harta Islam di Malaysia telah dicabar pelaksanaannya oleh ahli waris hingga menatijahkan pelbagai polemik kerana ketidakselarasan keputusan-keputusan yang diputuskan oleh Hakim di Mahkamah Syariah. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep hibah amanah yang selaras dengan undang-undang dan Hukum Syarak. Kedua, untuk menganalisis dan membuat perbandingan produk hibah amanah yang ditawarkan oleh institusi-institusi perancangan harta Islam di Malaysia serta mengenal pasti kelompongan undang-undang  yang wujud dalam pelaksanaan hibah amanah tersebut bersandarkan kepada kes-kes yang telah diputuskan oleh Hakim Bicara di Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia. Ketiga, kajian ini juga adalah untuk mencadangkan penambahbaikan terhadap undang-undang sedia ada agar hibah amanah dapat dilaksanakan secara berkesan dan selaras di seluruh Malaysia tanpa ada sebarang pertikaian lagi. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan kaedah doktrin perundangan. Kaedah analisis dokumen digunakan untuk menganalisis data daripada kajian kepustakaan. Data ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah induktif dan deduktif. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat produk hibah amanah yang diiktiraf dan ditolak oleh Mahkamah Syariah atas beberapa faktor. Pemain industri, pengamal undang-undang dan ahli akademik dicadangkan berganding bahu untuk meminda dan mewujudkan statut khusus berkaitan dengan hibah bagi menghentikan polemik isu ini. Dicadangkan juga bagi kajian masa hadapan untuk menstrukturkan produk hibah amanah di Malaysia supaya dapat dijadikan rujukan oleh negara-negara lain.

Kata kunci: Hibah Amanah, Undang-undang, Institusi Perancangan Harta Islam, Mahkamah Syariah

ABSTRACT

In this era of globalization, the Muslim community, especially in Malaysia, has begun to be literate and discerning in choosing the appropriate property planning instruments to curb matters arising after their death. In fact, the community is beginning to be aware of the selection of property planning instruments that comply with the Sharia Law and the law in force. Along with these developments, Islamic wealth planning institutions in Malaysia have begun to take steps forward by carrying out several transformations and innovations to meet the demands of the community, including the introduction of trust grant products. In addition, there is another issue that has arisen where the trust grant product introduced by some Islamic estate planning institutions in Malaysia has been challenged for its implementation by the heirs to the point of causing various polemics due to the inconsistency of the decisions made by the Syariah Court. Therefore, this study examines the concept of trust grant that is in line with the law and Hukum Syarak. Second, to analyse the trust grant products offered by Islamic estate planning institutions in Malaysia and identify the gaps that exist in the implementation of the trust grant based on the cases that have been decided by the Syariah Court in Malaysia. Third, this study is also to suggest improvements to the existing law so that trust grants can be implemented effectively and in harmony throughout Malaysia without any further disputes. This study is a qualitative study that applies the legal doctrinal method. The document analysis method was used to analyse the data from the literature review. This data was analysed using inductive and deductive methods. The results of the study found that there are trust grant products that are recognized and rejected by the Syariah Court. This data was analysed using inductive and deductive methods. The results of the study found that there are trust grant products that are recognized and rejected by the Syariah Court. Industry players, legal practitioners and academics are suggested to join hands to amend and create a specific statute to stop the polemic of this issue. It is also recommended for future studies to structure the trust grant product in Malaysia so that it can be used as a reference by other countries.

Keywords:Hibah Amanah, Law, Islamic Estate Planning Institution, Syariah Court