Kesahan Identiti dalam Perdagangan Elektronik (Authentication of Identity in Electronic Commerce)
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kesahan identiti merupakan kaedah yang berkesan untuk memastikan identiti pihak-pihak bertransaksi adalah sah dan sebenar seperti dikemukakan dalam perdagangan elektronik. Di Malaysia, Akta Tandatangan Digital 1997 dan Akta Perdagangan Elektronik 2006 merupakan undang-undang siber yang mengiktiraf penggunaan tandatangan digital dan tandatangan elektronik. Walau bagaimanapun, Akta Tandatangan Digital 1997 dan Akta Perdagangan Elektronik 2006 perlu dikaji semula kerana terdapat masalah kekaburan dari segi pemakaiannya. Antara isu-isu perundangan ialah sama ada identiti pelanggan dan penjual adalah sah dan sebenar seperti dikemukakan dan sama ada kontrak terbentuk dan sah timbul kepercayaan salah sangka terhadap identiti suatu pihak. Selain itu, terdapat juga isu berkenaan pemakaian sistem kripto tidak simetri yang terlalu spesifik dan kesukaran membuktikan identiti pesalah dan pengecualian liabiliti apabila kunci persendirian hilang atau disalahgunakan. Oleh itu, artikel ini akan mengenal pasti konsep dan kaedah-kaedah kesahan identiti, menganalisis isu-isu perundangan dan memberi cadangan untuk memantapkan pemakaian Akta Tandatangan Digital 1997 dan Akta Perdagangan Elektronik 2006. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan merujuk sumber primer dan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif . Hasil perbincangan menunjukkan bahawa perakuan yang dipasang dalam rangkaian laman sesawang dan kunci persendirian dapat mengesahkan identiti suatu pihak; sistem kripto tidak simetri adalah elemen penting bagi menjana tandatangan digital yang unik; perjanjian yang dimasuki disebabkan frod atau khilaf unilateral tidak akan mempunyai kesan undang-undang dan pelanggan bertanggungjawab untuk menjaga kunci persendirian dan kesan perundangan tandatangan tandatangan tidak boleh dinafikan jika terdapat tiada niat jahat untuk mengelak daripada tanggungan ganti rugi. Penulis mencadangkan untuk menyatukan Akta Tandatangan Digital 1997 dengan Akta Perdagangan Elektronik 2006; meratifikasikan konvensyen ECC dan; pihak-pihak bebas memilih teknologi dan akta lebih bersifat berteknologi neutral; mengkaji semula peruntukan berkenaan pembentukan kontrak elektronik dan meningkatkan kesedaran awam.
Kata kunci: kesahan identiti; perdagangan elektronik; Akta Tandatangan Digital 1997; Akta Perdagangan Elektronik 2006; Akta Transaksi Elektronik 2010.
ABSTRACT
Authentication of identity is an effective method to ensure the identity of the transacting parties is valid and true as represented in electronic commerce. In Malaysia, Digital Signature Act 1997 and Electronic Commerce Act 2006 are the cybers laws which recognize the digital signature and electronic signature. However, Digital Signature Act 1997 and Electronic Commerce Act 2006 need to be reviewed because there are several ambiguities. Among the legal issues are whether the identity of the buyer and the seller is valid and true as represented, and whether the contract is created and valid if there is a mistaken identity. There is another issue on asymmetric cryptosystem which is too specific and the difficulty to prove the identity of the wrongdoers and the exemption from liability when the private keys are missing or being misused. Therefore, this paper will identify the concept and method of authentication of identity, analyze the legal issues and provide several suggestions to improve the application of the Act. Data collection is done by referring to primary data and qualitative method. The findings show that the certificate on the website and the digital signature can authenticate the identity of the parties; asymmetric cryptosystem is important to generate unique digital signature; the contract will not have legal effect if entered upon fraud or unilateral mistake. and the subscribers are responsible to take care of their private keys and the legal effect of the signature shall not be denied if maliciously intended to avoid any claim for damages. The author suggests to combine the Digital Signature Act 1997 with the Electronic Commerce Act 2006; widen the scope of the Digital Signature Act 1997, ratify ECC and MLETR; give freedom to the parties to choose the technology and to make the Act more technologically neutral; review provisions regarding electronic contract and to increase public awareness.
Keywords: authentication of identity; electronic commerce; Digital Signature Act 1997; Electronic Commerce Act 2006; Electronic Transactions Act 2010.
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