Kesan Sharenting kepada Kanak-Kanak dan Implikasinya terhadap Hak Privasi Kanak-Kanak di Malaysia

Amira Nur Diana Amir Hamzah, Safinaz Mohd Hussein

Abstract


ABSTRAK
Artikel ini meneliti konsep sharenting dan menekankan peranannya dalam pencerobohan hak privasi kanak-kanak. Sharenting merupakan suatu budaya dikalangan ibu bapa yang melibatkan perkongsian maklumat peribadi anak-anak mereka dalam talian secara. Kanak-kanak sememangnya mempunyai hak dan kepentingan ke atas privasi mereka termasuklah daripada budaya sharenting. Hal ini menimbulkan konflik antara hak golongan ibu bapa untuk bersuara di media sosial yang bercanggah dengan hak keselamatan dan privasi anak-anak mereka. Objektif artikel ini adalah untuk melihat faktor budaya sharenting seterusnya mengetengahkan konfllik di antara privasi anak dan kebebasan bersuara ibubapa dan melihat samada undang-undang sedia ada di Malaysia boleh melindungi hak privasi kanak-kanak tersebut. Walaupun ibu bapa merupakan penjaga utama seorang kanak-kanak, budaya sharenting dianggap sebagai satu pelanggaran privasi seorang kanak-kanak. Ini menimbulkan satu permasalahan keranaa ibubapa juga mempunyai hak untuk bersuara melalui perkongsian media sosial berkenaan perkara yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung melibatkan anak mereka. Malaysia tidak secara langsung mengiktiraf hak privasi sebagai satu kausa tindakan, oleh yang demikian, adakah undang-undang sedia ada di Malaysia mengiktiraf hak privasi seorang kanak-kanak terhadap pengkongsian maklumat oleh ibubapa mereka? Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kualitatif undang-undang tulen dimana maklumat yang diperolehi dari peruntukan undang-undang dan kes-kes dianalisis untuk mencari kelompongan dan seterusnya cadangan penambahbaikan diberikan. Analisis dibuat ke atas undang-undang yang berkaitan seperti Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Akta Kanak-kanak (AKK) 2001, Akta Kesalahan-kesalahan Seksual terhadap Kanak-kanak 2017 (AKSTK), Akta Komunikasi dan Multimedia (AKM) 1998 dan Kanun Kesiksaan untuk melihat sama ada peruntukan-peruntukan sedia ada di dalam akta-akta ini melindungi kanak-kanak terhadap tindakan sharenting di Malaysia. Kajian mendapati bahawa Malaysia masih tidak mempunyai peruntukan perlindungan privasi buat kanak-kanak yang mencukupi dan mencadangkan pendedahan kepada ibubapa berkenaan dengan bahaya sharenting terhadap anak mereka serta perlindungan privasi dalam undang-undang yang melindungi kanak-kanak di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: sharenting, perkongsian maklumat, hak privasi kanak-kanak, kawalan undang-undang, perlindungan data.
ABSTRACT
This article examines the concept of sharenting and emphasizes its role in the encroachment on children's privacy rights. Sharenting is a culture amongst parents that involves sharing their children's personal information online. Children do have rights and interests over their privacy, including sharenting. This creates a conflict between the right of parents to speak out on social media and the rights of security and privacy of their children. The objective of this article is to look at the factors of sharenting and further highlight the conflict between the privacy of children and the freedom of speech of parents and whether the existing laws in Malaysia can protect the privacy rights of such children. Although parents are the primary caregiver of a child, sharenting culture is considered a violation of a child's privacy. This poses a problem because parents also have the right to speak out through social media, sharing matters that directly or indirectly involve their children. Malaysia does not directly recognize the right to privacy as a cause of action, therefore, does the existing laws in Malaysia recognise the privacy rights of a child against the sharing of information by their parents? The methodology used is qualitative, pure law method of reserach where information obtained from legal provisions and cases is analyzed to find gaps and subsequently suggestions for improvement are given. Analysis is made on relevant laws such as the Federal Constitution, Child Act (AKK) 2001, Sexual Offenses Against Children Act 2017 (AKSTK), Communications and Multimedia Act (AKM) 1998 and Penal Code to see whether there are existing provisions in these acts to protect
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children against sharenting in Malaysia. The study found that Malaysia still does not have adequate provision of privacy protections for children and recommends exposure to parents regarding the dangers of sharenting their children as well as privacy protections in laws protecting children in Malaysia.
Keywords: sharenting, information-sharing, children’s privacy rights, legal protection, data protection


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References


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