Mental Wellbeing of Drug Addicts’ Wives: Roles of Economic Strain, Marital Conflict, and Social Support
Abstract
Low-income drug-addicted wives face a variety of negative life events that can disrupt daily functioning. Problems faced by this group include difficulty raising their children alone because their husbands are in prison or undergoing treatment in rehabilitation centres, financial stress, marital problems, and lack of social support. The problems they face are associated with mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and high stress, which contribute to their low mental wellbeing. These problems can be overcome if they have a strong social support system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the interrelationship between economic strain, marital conflict, social support, and mental wellbeing. A cross-sectional study with a correlational design was conducted on 132 low-income drug-addicted wives in Malaysia. The instruments used in this study were the Economic Strain Scale (ESS), the Braiker-Kelly Marital Conflict Scale (BKMCS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). Data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS version 4.0 software. The results of the path analysis showed a direct relationship between economic strain and marital conflict, and between social support and mental wellbeing. The results also showed that there was no direct relationship between marital conflict and mental wellbeing or between marital conflict and social support. The findings of this research carry significance for psychoeducational strategies aimed at assisting poor spouses of individuals struggling with substance addiction. These strategies could emphasize the significance of seeking support from important social connections to enhance their mental wellbeing. This study may also assist professionals in providing services to the spouses of substance abusers and educate the community about the need for social support for this population.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbas, J., Aqeel, M., Abbas, J., Shaher, B., A., J., Sundas, J., & Zhang, W. (2019). The moderating role of social support for marital adjustment, depression, anxiety, and stress: Evidence from Pakistani working and nonworking women. Journal of Affective Disorders, 244, 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.071
Abdullah, M. H., Zin, N. M., & Wok, S. (2009). Relationships between satisfaction of muslim women on financial supports after divorce and ex-husbands’ compliance to the supports with post-divorce welfare. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 17(2), 153–166.
Abigail Saylor Pressel. (2007). Family and Child-Level Moderators of the Relationship Between Marital Conflict and Early Adolescent Peer Social Competence. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Afifi, T. D., Davis, S., Merrill, A. F., Coveleski, S., Denes, A., & Shahnazi, A. F. (2018). Couples’ Communication About Financial Uncertainty Following the Great Recession and its Association with Stress, Mental Health and Divorce Proneness. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 39(2), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-017-9560-5
Agboola, J. O., & Oluwatosin, S. A. (2018). Patterns and Causes of Marital Conflict Among Staff of Selected Universities in Southwest Nigeria. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 5(8), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.58.4988
Ahmad, M., & Khan, A. (2018). Social Support and Marital Adjustment in Married Working Women. Education, Sustainability & Society, 1(2), 05–07. https://doi.org/10.26480/ess.02.2018.05.07
Alzyoud, N. F. (2020). Psychological Stress and its Relationship to Marital Adjustment among Working Mothers in Jordanian Society and its Impact on Raising Children. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 12(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v12n1p10
Anisman, H. (2015). Stress and Your Health: In Stress and Your Health: From Vulnerability to Resilience. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118850350
Balaganeshan, K. V., & Ragupathy, P. (2019). A Study of Marital Adjustment, Psychological Well-Being and Coping Among Female Spouses of Patients With Alcohol Dependence. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8(24), 1909–1913. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2019/420
Barrington, C., Peterman, A., Akaligaung, A. J., Palermo, T., Milliano, M. De, Aborigo, R. A., & Carolina, N. (2022). Social Science & Medicine ‘ Poverty can break a home ’ : Exploring mechanisms linking cash plus programming and intimate partner violence in Ghana. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114521
Bekircan, E., & Tanriverdi, D. (2019). Adverse effects on people’s lives and functioning and marital adjustment of substance use disorder in the Turkish population. Journal of Substance Use. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2019.1675786
Birkeland, B., Foster, K., Selbekk, A. S., Høie, M. M., Ruud, T., & Weimand, B. (2018). The quality of life when a partner has substance use problems: A scoping review. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-1042-4
Bortolon, C. B., Signor, L., Moreira, T. de C., Figueiró, L. R., Benchaya, M. C., Ferigolo, M., Machado, C. A., & Barros, H. M. T. (2016). Family functioning and health issues associated with codependency in families of drug users. Cien Saude Colet, 21(1), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015211.20662014
Braiker, H. B., & Kelly, H. H. (1979). Conflict in the development of close relationships. In R. L. Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (1st Editio, pp. 135–168). Academic.
Bubolz, M. M., & Sontag, M. S. (2009). Human Ecology Theory. In Sourcebook of Family Theories and Methods: A Contextual Approach (pp. 419–448). Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85764-0
Bunga, D., Bipeta, R., & Molanguri, U. (2022). A cross ‑ sectional study on domestic violence , marital satisfaction , and quality of life among partners of patients with alcohol use disorder. Arch Ment Health, 23(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_77_21
Carney, T., Chibambo, V., Ward, C., & Myers, B. (2021). A Qualitative Study of caregiver’s Perceptions and Needs Around Adolescent Substance Use and Other Risk Behaviours. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(5), 1485–1496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00238-8
Chang, C. W., Yuan, R., & Chen, J. K. (2018). Social support and depression among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Children and Youth Services Review, 88(March), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.001
Crapo, J. S., Turner, J. J., Kopystynska, O., Bradford, K., & Higginbotham, B. J. (2021). Financial Stress and Perceptions of Spousal Behavior Over Time in Remarriages. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(2), 300–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09697-6
da Costa, B., Marcon, S. S., Paiano, M., Sales, C. A., Maftum, M. A., & Waidman, M. A. P. (2017). Sentimentos e comportamentos codependentes em familiares de usuários de drogas ilícitas. Acta Scientiarum - Health Sciences, 39(2), 175–181. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v39i2.27781
Deepa, P. S. (2017). Co-dependency , Marital Relationship , Family Environment & Social Functioning in spouses of individuals with Alcohol Dependence : A Comparative Study. Ranchi University.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2022). Drug Addiction. Department of Statistics Malaysia. https://open.dosm.gov.my/drug-addiction
Dew, J., Barham, C., & Hill, E. J. (2021). The Longitudinal Associations of Sound Financial Management Behaviors and Marital Quality. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09701-z
Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative Versus Reflective Indicators in Organizational Measure Development : A Comparison and Empirical Illustration. 17, 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00500.x
Dillon, L. M., Nowak, N., Weisfeld, G. E., Weisfeld, C. C., Shattuck, K. S., Imamoğlu, O. E., Butovskaya, M., & Shen, J. (2015). Sources of marital conflict in five cultures. Evolutionary Psychology, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491501300101
Ezarina Zakaria, Fauziah Ibrahim, & Farahida Ismail. (2021). Pengalaman fasa awal perkahwinan ( 1 hingga 5 tahun ) sebagai isteri penagih dadah : Satu kajian penerokaan. Journal of Social Science (EJOSS), 7(2), 1–10.
Fadhullah Mohd Fadil. (2017). Memahami maknakualiti perkahwinan melayu dari perspektif pakar di Malaysia. Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Fathi, M., Khakrangin, M., Haghdin, M., & Janadleh, A. (2020). Exploring the problems and needs of women whose spouses are involved in substance use: a qualitative research study in an Iranian context. Journal of Substance Use, 25(4), 363–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2019.1704080
Fereidouni, Z., Joolaee, S., Fatemi, N. S., Mirlashari, J., Meshkibaf, M. H., & Orford, J. (2015). What is it like to be the wife of an addicted man in Iran? A qualitative study. Addiction Research and Theory, 23(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2014.943199
French, D., & Vigne, S. (2019). The causes and consequences of household financial strain: A systematic review. International Review of Financial Analysis, 62(March), 150–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.09.008
Gajos, J. M., Totenhagen, C. J., & Wilmarth, M. J. (2022). The association between financial strain and volatility in daily relationship uncertainty: A dyadic investigation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 39(5), 1412–1433. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211056896
Gan, Y., Xiong, R., Song, J., Xiong, X., Yu, F., Gao, W., Hu, H., Zhang, J., Tian, Y., Gu, X., Zhang, J., & Chen, D. (2019). The effect of perceived social support during early pregnancy on depressive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum: A prospective study. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2188-2
Geldenhuys, M., & Henn, C. M. (2017). The relationship between demographic variables and well-being of women in South African workplaces. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(0), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v15i0.683
Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. In Springer. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Isaacs, V., MOHAMAD, N., MUSTAFA, L. H. M. A. W. H. A. W. R. N. S., & ZAKARIA, N. F. A. M. F. N. H. (2019). Hubungan antara Penagihan Dadah dengan Keganasan Rumah Tangga ( The Hubungan antara Penagihan Dadah dengan Keganasan Rumah Tangga ( The Relationship between Drug Addiction and Domestic Violence ). 25(January), 7–14.
Işık, E., Özbiler, Ş., Schweer-Collins, M. L., & Rodríguez-González, M. (2020). Differentiation of Self Predicts Life Satisfaction through Marital Adjustment. American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(3), 235–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2020.1732248
Johnson, R. (2006). Trusting the Dating Partner in the Face of Relationship Problems and Uncertainty: The Moderating Role of Parents and Friends. Utah State University.
Juhari, R., Qurratu, S., & Sahrani, A. (2020). Financial Stress, Marital Communication and Marital Health Among Married Individuals. International Journal of Social Science Research, 2(1), 90–98.
Kettlewell, N., Morris, R. W., Ho, N., Cobb-Clark, D. A., Cripps, S., & Glozier, N. (2020). The differential impact of major life events on cognitive and affective wellbeing. SSM - Population Health, 10, 100533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100533
Ki, S. (2017). Exploring Communication of Compulsive gamers and Their Loved Ones: A Tensional Approach. The State University of New Jersey.
Kidd, J. M. (2006). Understanding Career Counselling.
Lam, C. P. (2016). Dialectical relationship thinking : Examination of partner evaluation and partner knowledge organization across cultures. Iowa State University.
Lavi, I., Fladeboe, K., King, K., Kawamura, J., Friedman, D., Compas, B., Breiger, D., Gurtovenko, K., Lengua, L., & Katz, L. F. (2018). Stress and marital adjustment in families of children with cancer. Psychooncology, 27(4), 1244–1250. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4661
Laxman, D. J., Higginbotham, B. J., Macarthur, S. S., Laxman, D. J., Higginbotham, B. J., & Macarthur, S. S. (2019). A Test of the Family Stress Model Using a Remarriage Sample A Test of the Family Stress Model Using a Remarriage Sample. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 0(00), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2019.1586230
Li, X., Kuelz, A., Boyd, S., August, K., Markey, C., & Butler, E. (2021). Exploring Physiological Linkage in Same-Sex Male Couples. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(January), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.619255
Lucas-Thompson, R. (2009). Interparental Conflict and Adolescent Physiological Functioning, Health, and Adjustment [University of California, Irvine]. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012397720-5.50034-7
Ly, A. R. (2012). It ’ s All in the Family : Marital and Coparenting Quality in Families of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders. University of California, Irvine.
Mariam Abd Majid, Sahlawati Abu Bakar, Muhammad Yusuf Marlon Abdullah, Salasiah Hanin Hamjah, Zulkefli Aini, Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil, & Naqibah Mansor. (2020). Pendekatan Mengurus Konflik dalam Rumah Tangga Bermadu. Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues, 5(1), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v5i1.98
Mat Roni, S., Merga, M. K., & Morris, J. E. (2020). Conducting Quantitative Research in Education. In Conducting Quantitative Research in Education. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9132-3
Melati Sumari, Dini Farhana Baharudin, Norfaezah Md Khalid, Nor Hasniah Ibrahim, & Ida Hartina Ahmed Tharbe. (2020). Family Functioning in a Collectivist Culture of Malaysia: A Qualitative Study. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 28(4), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480719844334
Melia, N. L. (2015). Conflict Appraisals as a Mediator of the Association Between Marital Conflict and Rumination in Adolescents. Colorado State University.
Mills, R. J., Grasmick, H. G., Morgan, C. S., & Wenk, D. (1992). The Effects of Gender, Family Satisfaction, and Economic Strain on Psychological Well-Being. Family Relations, 41(4), 440–445. https://doi.org/10.2307/585588
Muslima, F., & Herawati, T. (2018). Social Support, Marital Adjustment And Marital Quality Of Family Married Student. Journal of Family Sciences, 3(2), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.3.2.30-41
Ngigi, P. K., & Chepchieng, M. C. (2020). Causes of Marital Conflicts in Relationships among Christians in the Central Division of Narok County. 25(4), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2503041219
Noori, R., Jafari, F., Moazen, B., Vishteh, H. R. K., Farhoudian, A., Narenjiha, H., & Rafiey, H. (2015). Evaluation of anxiety and depression among female spouses of Iranian male drug dependents. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.21624
Ólafsdóttir, J., Hrafnsdóttir, S., & Orjasniemi, T. (2018). Depression, anxiety, and stress from substance-use disorder among family members in Iceland. NAD Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 35(3), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1455072518766129
Ólafsdóttir, J. M. (2020). Addiction within families The impact of substance use disorder on the family system [University of Iceland]. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-337-229-0
Orford, J., Natera, G., Velleman, R., Copello, A., Bowie, N., Bradbury, C., Davies, J., Mora, J., Nava, A., Rigby, K., & Tiburcio, M. (2001). Ways of coping and the health of relatives facing drug and alcohol problems in Mexico and England. Addiction, 96(5), 761–774. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96576111.x
Park, T.-Y., & Park, Y. (2019). Living with an In-Law and Marital Conflicts: A Family Therapy Case Study. Journal of Asia Pacific Counseling, 9(2), 73–89. https://doi.org/10.18401/2019.9.2.5
Park, W., & Kim, J. (2018). How Are Money Worries Affecting Middle-Aged, Young-Old, and Old–Old People’s Perceived Couple Relationship? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 39(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-017-9547-2
Petra, M. M. (2019). The Salience of Intimate Partner Violence to Coping and Social Support for Intimate Partners of People with Addictions. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2019.1681332
Qadir, F., Khalid, A., & Medhin, G. (2015). Social Support, Marital Adjustment, and Psychological Distress Among Women With Primary Infertility in Pakistan. Women and Health, 55(4), 432–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2015.1022687
Ramayah, T., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., Ting, H., & Memon, M. A. (2018). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0: An Updated Guide and Practical Guide to Statistical Analysis (2nd ed.). Pearson.
Riaz, S., Ghauri, T. A., Shinwari, R. A., & Masood, A. (2022). Relationship between Psychological well-being and Marital Conflicts among Parents with Down Syndrome Children. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(2), 527–541. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2022.1002.0217
Rosnah Ismail. (2004). Hubungan Kesulitan Ekonomi dengan Kefungsian Keluarga, Hubungan Perkahwinan dan Tingkah Laku Keibubapaan Etnik Rungus, Iranun dan Melayu. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Ross, D. B., Gale, J., Wickrama, K. K. A. S., Goetz, J., & Vowels, M. (2019). The Impact of Family Economic Strain On Work-Family Conflict, Marital Support, Marital Quality, and Marital Stability During the Middle Years. J Pers Finance, 18(2), 9–24.
Rumaya Juhari, & Rozumah Baharudin. (2019). Pengantar Pembangunan Manusia: Perspektif Ekologi. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Sahu, G., & Sharma, S. (2020). How Quality of Life Affects Emotional Intelligence and Marital Adjustment in Menopausal Women. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 10(1), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.01.2020.p9732
Sarkar, S., Patra, B., & Kattimani, S. (2016). Substance use disorder and the family: An Indian perspective. Med J DY Patil Univ, 9(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-2870.172413
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J. H., Becker, J. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05.003
Sawai, J. P., Juhari, R., Kahar, R., Ismail, Z., & Sawai, R. P. (2018). Financial strain, financial management practices, marital satisfaction and marital stability among newlyweds. Management and Accounting Review, 17(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.24191/mar.v17i3.785
Schultz, P., & Alpaslan, A. H. (Nicky). (2020). Playing The Second Fiddle - The Experiences, Challenges and Coping Strategies Of Concerned Significant Others Of Partners With A Substance Use Disorder: Informing Social Work Interventions. Social Work, 56(4), 430–446. https://doi.org/doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15270/52-2-885 PLAYING
Seiter, N. (2019). Partner Communication Behaviors and Diurnal Cortisol Patterns. Colorado State University.
Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: guidelines for using PLSpredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322–2347. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0189
Sirgy, M. J. (2020). Positive Balance: A Theory of Well-Being and Positive Mental Health. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40289-1
Sirgy, M. J. (2021). The Psychology of Quality of Life: Wellbeing and Positive Mental Health. In Social Indicators Research Series (Third Edit, Vol. 83). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71888-6
Soares, A. J., Ferreira, G., & Graça Pereira, M. (2016). Depression, distress, burden and social support in caregivers of active versus abstinent addicts. Addiction Research and Theory, 24(6), 483–489. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2016.1173681
Subekti, H., Rahmat, I., & Wilopo, S. (2021). Stress-adaptation among family of adolescent with substance misuse: Systematic literature review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 474–480. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6696
Sultan, S., Fatima, S., & Kanwal, F. (2018). the Extent of Burden and Wellbeing Among Caregivers of Cardiac Patients: Perceived Social Support As Mediator. Pakistan Heart Journal, 51(1), 25–29.
Taggart, F., Stewart-Brown, S., & Parkinson, J. (2015). Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS): User Guide - Version 2 (Issue May).
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Dinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
Tu, Y., & Yang, Z. (2016). Self-Control as Mediator and Moderator of the Relationship Between Social Support and Subjective Well-Being Among the Chinese Elderly. Social Indicators Research, 126(2), 813–828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0911-z
Turliuc, M. N., & Candel, O. S. (2021). Not All in the Same Boat. Socioeconomic Differences in Marital Stress and Satisfaction During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(635148). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635148
Uddin, M. K., Islam, M. N., & Ahmed, O. (2022). COVID-19 Concern and Stress in Bangladesh : Perceived Social Support as a Predictor or Protector. Trends in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-022-00158-7
Ventura, C. A. A., Carrara, B. S., Bobbili, S., Vedana, K. G. G., Khenti, A., Hayashida, M., & Ferreira, P. S. (2017). General Beliefs and Stigma Regarding Illicit Drug Use: Perspectives of Family Members and Significant Others of Drug Users in an Inner City in Brazil. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 38(9), 712–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2017.1335362
Vilela, T. dos R., Rocha, M. M. da, Figlie, N. B., & Mari, J. de J. (2019). Association between psychosocial stressors with emotional and behavioral problems among children of low-income addicted families living in Brazil. Child Abuse and Neglect, 92(February), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.005
Wheeler, B. E., Kerpelman, J. L., & Yorgason, J. B. (2019). Economic Hardship, Financial Distress, and Marital Quality: The Role of Relational Aggression. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(4), 658–672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-019-09632-4
Wilson, S. R., Lubman, D. I., Rodda, S., Manning, V., & Yap, M. B. H. (2019). The impact of problematic substance use on partners’ interpersonal relationships: qualitative analysis of counselling transcripts from a national online service. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 26(5), 429–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2018.1472217
Yaacob Harun. (1993). Keluarga Melayu Bandar: Satu Analisis Perubahan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Yazdani, F., Kazemi, A., Fooladi, M. M., & Samani, H. R. O. (2016). The relations between marital quality, social support, social acceptance and coping strategies among the infertile Iranian couples. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 200, 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.034
Zahid, H., & Tariq, S. (2020). Romantic Jealousy and Partner Responsiveness as Predictors of Marital Conflict. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 40(4), 1641–1651.
Zheng, L., Xu, X., Xu, T., Yang, L., Gu, X., & Wang, L. (2021). Financial Strain and Intimate Partner Violence Against Married Women in Postreform China: Evidence From Chengdu. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(17–18). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519853406
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, nancy W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694