"Realpolitik" Hubungan Singapura-Amerika Syarikat dalam Konteks Penambakan Wilayah di Singapura (“Realpolitik” of Singapore-United States of America in the Context of Land Reclamation in Singapore)

Akmalhisham Jasni, Sharifah Munirah Alatas, Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah

Abstract


Penambakan wilayah adalah satu teknik yang merujuk kepada kerja-kerja pengorekan pasir di sesuatu lokasi. Kemudiannya pasir berkenaan ditimbus ke lokasi tertentu di pinggir pantai bagi meninggikan aras permukaan dasar laut sehingga menjadi tapak muka bumi yang baru. Di antara negara yang sangat giat melakukan aktiviti penambakan wilayah di rantau Asia Tenggara ialah Singapura. Ini adalah kerana Singapura mempunyai bidang tanah yang kecil, kawasan pantai yang terhad dan mempunyai populasi penduduk yang semakin meningkat. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan bilateral antara Singapura dengan Amerika Syarikat, dan mengenalpasti kerjasama militarinya yang berkaitan dengan aktiviti penambakan wilayah di Singapura. Pengumpulan data primer dilaksanakan secara pemerhatian terus di lapangan dan melalui beberapa sesi temubual mendalam. Pengumpulan data sekunder diperolehi daripada pelbagai sumber seperti artikel jurnal tersohor, akhbar, laman internet yang dipercayai dan laporan kerajaan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa langkah yang diambil oleh Singapura untuk menambak wilayah ini bukanlah disebabkan peningkatan populasi penduduknya semata-mata. Tatkala Amerika Syarikat kelihatan agresif melaksanakan strategi pivot to Asia Pacific, Singapura pula sebenarnya mengalu-alukan kehadiran kuasa militari Amerika Syarikat ke rantau ini. Justeru kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa jaringan kerjasama militari Singapura-Amerika Syarikat adalah signifikan di dalam aktiviti penambakan wilayah Singapura di mana ianya memenuhi kepentingan realpolitik Amerika Syarikat di rantau ini.

Kata kunci: Hubungan bilateral; penambakan wilayah; populasi; militari; “realpolitik”

Land reclamation is a technique that refers to sand dredging in a given location. The sand is then placed at another location by the shore to elevate the seabed surface level until it transforms into a new landscape. Among the countries that actively embark on land reclamation activities in the South East Asian region is Singapore. This is because Singapore is one of the countries which is deprived of land, has a limited coastline and a rising population. The objectives of this study are to analyze the bilateral relationship between Singapore and the United States of America (US), and to identify military cooperation in relation to Singapore’s land reclamation activities. The collection of primary data was done through direct site observation, and the conduct of several interviews. The collection of secondary data was obtained from various sources such as articles from respected journals, newspapers, trusted internet sites and government reports. This study has found that, the steps taken by Singapore to reclaim land are not only because of an increase in population alone. While the US is aggressively establishing the pivot to Asia Pacific strategy, Singapore welcomes the presence of US military power in the region. Therefore, this article concludes that the Singapore-US military partnership is significant in Singapore’s land reclamation activities which serve the US’s realpolitik intentions in the region.

Keywords: Bilateral relations; land reclamation; population; military; “realpolitik”


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