Pola Komunikasi Rentas Sempadan di Telok Melano-Temajuk, Borneo Barat: Satu Analisis Teori Akomodasi Komunikasi
Abstract
Masyarakat sempadan di Telok Melano, Sarawak (Malaysia) dan Temajuk, Kalimantan Barat (Indonesia) yang wujud pada awal tahun 1980-an, telah membentuk satu pola komunikasi rentas sempadan yang unik di kawasan Borneo Barat. Pada peringkat awal, kedua-dua penutur di Telok Melano-Temajuk menuturkan satu variasi bahasa yang sama iaitu dialek Melayu Sambas. Selepas empat dekad pembentukan masyarakat sempadan (1980-2020), pola komunikasi di kedua-dua kawasan telah mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola komunikasi rentas sempadan di Telok Melano-Temajuk berpandukan Teori Akomodasi Komunikasi Gilles. Pengumpulan data kajian berasaskan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu melalui rakaman perbualan, wawancara dan pemerhatian ikut serta. Sebanyak lima sampel dialog yang melibatkan perbualan antara penutur dari Telok Melano-Temajuk telah dianalisis. Setiap interaksi dalam dialog dianalisis menggunakan strategi konvergensi dan divergensi bagi mengenal pasti pola komunikasi rentas sempadan di Borneo Barat. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pola komunikasi rentas sempadan di Borneo Barat telah menyumbang kepada fenomena integrasi dan pilihan variasi bahasa dalam interaksi harian dua kelompok masyarakat yang tinggal berdekatan, tetapi dipisahkan oleh sempadan antarabangsa. Dari sudut akomodasi komunikasi, pola komunikasi di Telok Melano-Temajuk berbeza mengikut umur informan. Generasi tua di Telok Melano didapati melakukan strategi konvergensi apabila berinteraksi dengan penutur dari Temajuk iaitu dari dialek Melayu Telok Melano kepada dialek Melayu Desa Temajuk. Manakala generasi muda di Telok Melano didapati mula beralih kepada dialek Melayu Sarawak variasi Kuching yang merupakan lingua franca di Sarawak. Kajian ini merupakan dapatan penting yang merekodkan pola komunikasi rentas sempadan di fasa transisi pasca pembukaan jajaran Telok Melano-Sematan, Lebuh Raya Pan Borneo.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdul Chaer. 2014. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Aimei Zhang, Junaidi Asis, Xudong Fang, Haidong Li, Shariff A.K. Omang, Min Chen, Qi Fang, Dongyi Li, & Touping Peng. 2022. Late Cretaceous fore–arc spreading in the northern Kuching Zone of West Borneo, SE Asia: Constraints from the Pakong Mafic Complex. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 230, Doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105189.
Ayeni, B. 2021. Language Choices and its Effect in a Culturally Diversified Nigeria Business Places: Adopting Giles’ Communication Accommodation Theory. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 10 (10), 80-87.
Bailey, C. A. 2007. A Guide to Qualitative Field Research. SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412983204
Chevalier BAM, Watson BM, Barras MA, & Cottrell WN. 2020. Assessing Communication Behaviours of Hospital Pharmacists: How Well Do the Perspectives of Pharmacists, Patients, and an Independent Observer Align? Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 39(5-6), 626-652.
Choi, S., & Mattila, A. 2008. Perceived Controllability and Service Expectations: Influences on Customer Reactions Following Service Failure. Journal of Business Research, 61 (1), 24-30.
Chong Shin. 2008. Sketsa Varian Bidayuhik Hilir Sungai Kualan. Dalam
Chong Shin. Bahasa Bidayuhik di Borneo Barat. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Chong Shin. 2010. Akomodasi pertuturan dan bahasa Iban ke bahasa Iban. Bahasa, 19, 104-112.
Chong Shin, Dilah Tuah, & Yusriadi. 2022. An Initial Qualitative Exploration of Economic, Cultural, and Language Changes in Telok Melano, Sarawak, Malaysia. Sustainability, 14, (5), 2655.
Collins, J. T. 2016. Dialek Melayu Sarawak. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Coupland, N. 2008. The delicate constitution of identity in face-to-face accommodation: A response to Trudgill. Language in Society, 37, 267–270.
Dragojevic, M., Gasiorek, J., & Giles, H. 2015. Communication Accommodation Theory. In The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication (eds C.R. Berger, M.E. Roloff, S.R. Wilson, J.P. Dillard, J. Caughlin, & D. Solomon). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic006.
Esser, H. 2006. Migration, Language and Integration. Arbeitsstelle Interkulturelle Konflikte und gesellschaftliche Integration (AKI) Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB) Programme on Intercultural Conflicts and Societal Integration (AKI), Social Science Research Center Berlin.
George, Mary W. 2008. The Elements of Library Research: What Every Student Needs to Know. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Giles, H. (1973). Accent mobility: A model and some data. Anthropological Linguistics, 15, 87–109.
Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J. 1991. Accommodation theory: Communication, context. In H. Giles, N. Coupland & J. Coupland (Eds.), Contexts of accommodation (pp. 1-68). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haller-Trost, R. 1995. The Territorial Dispute Between Indonesia and Malaysia Over Pulau Sipadan and Pulau Ligitan in the Celebes Sea: A Study in International Law. International Boundaries Reserch Unit, University of Durham.
Hantgan, A. 2017. Choices in Language Accommodation at The Crossroads: Convergence, Divergence, And Mixing. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford Online, IX (1), 102-118.
Harrisson, T. 1970. The Malays of South-West Sarawak before Malaysia: A socio-ecological survey. Michigan: Michigan State University Press.
Hudson, A. B. 1970. A note on Salako: Malayic Dayak and Land Dayak in West Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 18, 301-318.
Idris Aman, Rosniah Mustaffa & Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar. (2010). Akomodasi Aksen, Identiti dan Integrasi Kebangsaan. Jurnal Bahasa, 10 (1), 37-53.
Irwin, G. 1986. Borneo Abad Kesembilan Belas. Terj. Mohd. Nor Ghani & Noraini Ismail. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ishikawa, N. 2010. Between Frontiers. Nation and Identity in a Southeast Asian Borderland. Singapore: NUS Press.
Kamarullah, Ismail Ruslan, Abdul Mukti, Ridwan Rosdiawan, Syarifah Aminah, Sri Hidayati, & Yusriadi. 2017. Pemetaan Radikal Terorisme di Perbatasan Kalbar. Pontianak: IAIN Pontianak Press.
Malloy, T. E., Goldfield, B., & Kluger, A. N. 2022. Mothers Listen To Children And Uniquely Accommodate Their Language With Them. International Journal of Listening, DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2021.1993069
Maxwell, J.A. 2013. Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach, 3rd ed. SAGE Publication, Inc.: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Mohd Alif Jasni, Norruzeyati Mohd Che Nasir, & Mohd Nazri Ibrahim. 2020. Strategi Komunikasi dengan Gelandangan semasa Pandemik COVID-19: Pengalaman Sukarelawan Sepanjang Fasa Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan di Malaysia. Forum Komunikasi, 15 (1), 57-91.
Montgomery, G., Zhang, Y. B., & Imamura, M. 2021. The effects of Latino immigrants’ acculturation strategy and U.S. Americans' assimilation attitudes on perceptions of accommodation satisfaction and willingness to communicate. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 82, 157-167.
Morgan, T., Soliz, J., Minniear, M., & Bergguist, G. 2020. Communication Accommodation and Identity Gaps as Predictors of Relational Solidarity in Interfaith Family Relationships. Communication Reports, 33 (1), 41–54.
Muhammad Arif Firmansyah. 2021. Interferensi dan Integrasi Bahasa: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Paramasastra, 8 (1), 46-59.
Nazaruddin Haji Hamit. 2003. Tourism Planning at the Local Level: A Case Study of Lundu-Sematan, Sarawak, Malaysia. Master thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand.
Nguyen, T.T., & Hamid, M. 2017. Language choice, identity and social distance: Ethnic minority students in Vietnam. Applied Linguistics Review, 10, 137-161.
Rami Maher Delli, Lai Siew Mei Pauline, & Francisco Perlas Dumanig. 2022. Improving Medication Safety in Pharmacist-Patient Interactions: Making a Case for the Use of Communication Accommodation Strategies. Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 10 (1), 39-53.
Ramli Dollah, Marsitah Mohd Radzi, Wan Shawaluddin Wan Hassan, & Amrullah Maraining. 2015. Elemen fizikal dan bukan-fizikal dalam pembentukan identiti komuniti sempadan di Pantai Timur Sabah, Malaysia. GEOGRAFIA Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11 (7), 9-20.
Remmy Gedat. 2011. Kepelbagaian variasi bahasa Iban dan corak pemilihannya dalam interiksi: Kajian kes di Bahagian Barat Sarawak. Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Sanib Said. 2013. Melayu Sarawak Sejarah yang Hilang. Kota Samarahan: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
Sarawak Gazette, 1 Jun 1908
Sarawak Gazette, 1 Oktober 1895
Sargeant, J. 2012. Qualitative research part II: Participants, analysis, and quality assurance. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4(1), 1-3.
Smith, A. D. 2017. The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification. Tesis Dr. Fal, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
Sugiardi Sigit, Jamhari, Hartono Slamet, & Waluyati Lestari Rahayu. (2021). Factors affecting the performance of the traditional fisheries fishing effort in the regency of Kubu Raya, West Borneo. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 12 (1), 5-23.
Tsoumou, J. M. 2019. Communication Accommodation Amongst Congolese Facebook Users. Huarte de San Juan. Filología y Didáctica de la Lengua, 19, 150-181.
Vatamanescu, Elena-Madalina & Andra-Dina Pana. 2010. The Application of the Communication Accommodation Theory to Virtual Communities: A Preliminary Research on the Online Identities. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review, 5 (4), 279-290.
Vusyk, H., Oliynyk, E., & Pavlyk, N. 2019. The Problem of Linguistic Integration: The Social and Linguistic Adaptation of Refugees in the Modern International Space. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 8(3), 220-233.
Woods, F. A., & Ruscher, J. B. 2021. ‘calling-out’ vs. ‘calling-in’ prejudice: Confrontation style affects inferred motive and expected outcomes. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60 (1), 50-73.
Yusriadi & Ismail Ruslan. 2015. Temajuk, Sempadan di Ekor Borneo. Pontianak: STAIN Pontianak Press.
Yusriadi. 2014. Bahasa dan identiti Melayu di Riam Panjang. Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694