Pembinaan dan Perkembangan Konsep Native di Borneo Utara pada Zaman Kolonial (Formation and Changes of the Native Concept in North Borneo during the Colonial Period)

TORU UEDA (Osaka University, uedatoru@hotmail.com)

Abstract


This article is about the formation of the concept native as was used in North Borneo during the colonial period and the changes it underwent. Historical sources are used for the discussion. The Colonial administration used the word native in the population census taken every ten years from 1891 until 1960, except during the 1940’s because of the Japanese occupation. The word was also mentioned in various Ordinances that were implemented by the administration until its dissolution in 1963. The way the colonial administration made the categorization in the census and the definitions of the concept in the Ordinances were not set, but rather it differed through the whole colonial period. Using historical sources, this article argues that it is important to seek a perspective of the colonial situation in its various social contexts, depending on the country or area involved. The fact that the colonial government built colonial knowledge in a certain place does not necessarily mean that we will encounter the same knowledge in all places in the same way.

ABSTRAK

Makalah ini memberi perhatian kepada proses pembentukan dan perubahan konsep native di Borneo Utara pada zaman kolonial dengan merujuk kepada beberapa bahan sejarah. Pihak kolonial memakai istilah native dalam banci penduduk yang dijalankan tiap-tiap sepuluh tahun dari 1891 hingga 1960 kecuali pada tahun-tahun 1940an apabila berlakunya penjajahan Jepun. Begitu juga istilah native digunakan dalam pelbagai undang-undang yang telah dikeluarkan secara berterusan oleh pihak berkuasa sehingga berlakunya penyerahan kuasa pada tahun 1963. Cara pengkategorian dalam banci yang dilakukan oleh pihak kolonial dan definisi konsep berkenaan dalam undang- undang pada zaman itu adalah tidak tetap, bahkan berbeza-beza dari semasa ke semasa. Berasaskan penelitian bahan-bahan sejarah makalah ini menyim- pulkan bahawa apa yang penting ialah melihat keadaan kolonial dalam pelbagai konteks sosialnya yang tergantung kepada negara dan wilayah. Hakikat bahawa pihak kolonial membentuk pengetahuan kolonial di sesuatu tempat tidak semestinya bermaksud untuk melahirkan pengetahuan yang sama di semua tempat dan dengan cara yang sama.


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