Everyday Identities in Malaysian Chinese’s Subjectivities

Lee Yok Fee (Universiti Putra Malaysia, leeyokfee@putra.upm.edu.my)

Abstract


In the studies of Malaysian Chinese identity, most writings are based on macro- level analysis, which mainly focus on social structures but not the social actors. The characteristics of the social actors are always assumed as fixed, passive and homogeneous. The abilities, creativity and roles of social actors are often overlooked. Ironically, there are very few micro-level studies conducted to understand the formation of Chinese identity in Malaysia. This article is a modest attempt by the author to answer these main questions: What is the knowledge of Chinese Malaysians about their everyday identity as Chinese in Malaysia and how do they create their identity in everyday life? In a research conducted by the author the abductive approach was employed, which refers to the process that privileges the social actors’ account to generate social scientific knowledge. For that, in-depth interview method was applied to gather data from twelve informants over a period of eighteen months. The result shows that, as social actors, Malaysian Chinese exhibit their abilities, creativity and reasoning in the process of forming their identity. They have their own, though often disorganised, logical ways and methods of conceptualising their identity. The everyday identity formed by the Malaysian Chinese is fluid, dynamic and situational. The formation of the everyday identity is determined by the stock of knowledge, contexts and also their interactions with others. The typology of everyday identity formation can be divided into ‘stimulated subjectivity’, ‘structural subjectivity’ and ‘binary oppositional subjectivity’.

Keywords: Malaysian Chinese, everyday identity, subjectivity, abductive approach

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian identiti orang Cina di Malaysia, kebanyakan kajian adalah berdasarkan analisis pada peringkat makro dan berfokus kepada struktur sosial dan bukan pelaku sosial. Ciri-ciri pelaku sosial sentiasa diandaikan sebagai tetap, pasif dan homogen, sementara keupayaan, kreativiti dan peranan pelaku sosial diabaikan. Sebaliknya, tidak terdapat banyak kajian peringkat mikro dijalankan untuk memahami pembentukan identiti orang Cina di Malaysia. Makalah ini merupakan satu cubaan awal untuk menjawab soalan utama kajian: Apakah pengetahuan orang Cina tentang identiti harian mereka sebagai orang Cina Malaysia dan bagaimana mereka mencipta identiti harian tersebut? Dalam kajian yang telah dilakukan, penulis menggunakan pendekatan abduktif yang merujuk kepada proses yang mengutamakan pemerian pelaku sosial untuk membentuk pengetahuan sosial yang saintifik. Untuk itu, kaedah temubual secara mendalam telah digunakan untuk mengumpul data daripada dua belas orang informan. Tempoh kajian ialah lapan belas bulan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa, sebagai pelaku sosial, orang Cina telah menunjukkan keupayaan, kreativiti dan taakulan dalam proses mereka membentuk identiti. Mereka mempunyai cara kelogikan yang tersendiri untuk mengkonseptualisasikan identiti mereka walaupun kelogikan tersebut adalah tidak begitu tersusun. Identiti harian yang dibentuk bersifat cair, dinamik dan bergantung kepada keadaan. Pembentukan identiti harian pula bergantung pada sumber pengetahuan, konteks dalam mana mereka berada dan interaksi dengan pelaku sosial lain. Tipologi pembentukan identiti harian boleh dibahagi kepada ‘rangsangan subjektiviti’, ‘subjektiviti struktural’ dan ‘subjektiviti binary oppositional’.

Kata kunci: Orang Cina Malaysia, identiti harian, subjektiviti, pendekatan abduktif


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