Menjejak Semangat ‘Kawi’: Langkawi sebagai Geopark (Tracking the ‘Kawi’ Spirit: Langkawi as a Geopark)

Ong Puay Liu (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, puayliu@yahoo.com), Nur Hafizah Yusoff (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, syamrieza_2691@yahoo.com), Sharina Abdul Halim (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, sharinahalim@gmail.com)

Abstract


In June 2007, Langkawi Islands received the status “Global Geopark” from GGN UNESCO, thus making Langkawi the first global geopark in Malaysia and Southeast Asia, and the 52nd in the world. Geopark embodies the philosophy of protection, education and sustainable development of a specific geoheritage site characterised by unique and rare geological features. However, a distinctive feature that upholds the status of a geological site as a geopark is ‘usage’ – the existence of a close connectivity between geological resources and the way of life of the human community living in its vicinity. Hence, a geopark recognises the interdependent and integrated relationship between the natural heritage and human heritage. The aim of a geopark is to produce a community of people who are knowledgeable about the natural heritage, and the close relationship between these natural resources and the life of the people; who internalise the importance of protecting both natural and socio-cultural heritages; who carry out activities that are sustainable and heritage-friendly. The writers view this aim of producing people who know, internalise and actualise the concept of geopark as embodying the “kawi spirit” – a spirit that is moved by the principles of protection and conservation of natural and sociocultural heritage. Has this ‘kawi spirit’ emerged in the hearts of the local community and those promoting Langkawi to tourists? More specifically, have they understood the geopark concept? Without such conceptual understanding, the local community and tour operators will not be able to visualise the aim of a geopark and appropriate actions that need to be taken. This situation limits the understanding of their role as ‘guardians’ and ‘stewards’ of Langkawi Geopark. These questions serve as guiding principles for this article in an effort to track the ‘kawi’ spirit among the local community and tour operators at Langkawi.

Keywords: Langkawi Geopark, tour operators, tourists, heritage, conservation

ABSTRAK

Pada bulan Jun 2007, Kepulauan Langkawi menerima status ‘Global Geopark’ daripada GGN UNESCO, lantas menjadikan Langkawi, global geopark pertama di Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara, dan yang ke-52 di dunia. Geopark mendokong falsafah perlindungan, pendidikan dan pembangunan lestari suatu tapak warisan geologi yang mempunyai ciri-ciri geologi unggul dan jarang diketemui. Namun, satu ciri kelainan yang mengangkat status tapak warisan geologi sebagai ‘geopark’ adalah unsur ‘penggunaan’, iaitu wujudnya pertalian erat antara sumber geologi dengan cara hidup komuniti tempatan yang tinggal di sekitarnya. Justeru, konsep geopark mengiktiraf hubungan saling bergantungan dan bersepadu antara warisan tabii (geologi, biologi) dan warisan manusia (sosio-budaya, ekonomi). Matlamat geopark adalah untuk melahirkan komuniti manusia yang berpengetahuan tentang warisan tabii dan hubungannya dengan warisan sosiobudaya tempatan; menghayati kepentingan melindung dan memulihara kedua-dua warisan tersebut; mengamalkan kegiatan lestari dan mesra warisan. Penulis makalah menyifatkan matlamat ke arah penghasilan ‘manusia berpengetahuan, berpenghayatan dan beramal’ yang terangkum dalam konsep geopark sebagai mendasari “semangat kawi” – suatu semangat yang mendokong prinsip perlindungan dan pemuliharaan warisan tabii dan warisan sosiobudaya manusia. Apakah semangat ‘kawi ini sudah terjelma dalam sanubari komuniti tempatan dan golongan yang terlibat dalam kegiatan memaju Langkawi kepada pelancong? Lebih khusus lagi, apakah konsep geopark sudah difahami? Tanpa pemahaman konseptual, komuniti tempatan dan pengusaha pelancongan tidak dapat membayangkan tujuan geopark serta tindakan yang perlu diambil. Keadaan ini menghadkan kesedaran tentang peranan mereka sebagai ‘penjaga’ dan ‘penerus’ Langkawi Geopark. Soalan- soalan ini menjadi pedoman perbincangan makalah ini dalam usaha untuk menjejak semangat ‘kawi’ dalam kalangan komuniti tempatan dan pengusaha pelancongan Langkawi.

Kata kunci: Langkawi Geopark, pelancong, pemuliharaan, warisan, pengusaha pelancongan


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