Tuntutan Filipina ke atas Sabah kepada Malaysia, 1962–2010: Analisis dari Perspektif Filipina (The Sabah Claim by Philippines to Malaysia 1962-2010, an Analysis from the Philippines Perspective)
Abstract
Artikel ini membincangkan tuntutan Filipina ke atas Sabah dari tahun 1962 sehingga 2010 berdasarkan perspektif Filipina secara keseluruhannya. Dalam tempoh yang dinyatakan, dapat dilihat isu tuntutan kerajaan Filipina ke atas Sabah kepada Malaysia telah mendominasi hubungan dua hala kedua-dua negara. Meskipun hubungan bilateral telah terjalin sejak Persekutuan Tanah Melayu memperoleh kemerdekaan pada tahun 1957, isu tuntutan ini telah menjejaskan hubungan berkenaan. Bermula dari pemerintahan Macapagal sehingga Arroyo, pelbagai polisi dan dasar telah dibentuk oleh kerajaan Filipina dalam menangani isu tuntutan ke atas Sabah. Maka dengan itu, artikel ini ingin memberikan gambaran yang menyeluruh mengenai tuntutan ke atas Sabah bermula dari tahun 1962 sehingga 2010 daripada perspektif Filipina. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa sejak tahun 1962 sehingga 2010, isu tuntutan ke atas Sabah telah berterusan secara konsisten. Isu tuntutan ke atas Sabah diakui telah menimbulkan ketegangan antara Filipina dengan Malaysia dalam tempoh yang dinyatakan. Namun begitu, di sebalik ketegangan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat bahawa beberapa pemimpin Filipina bersikap rasional dan profesional dalam tuntutan negara mereka ke atas Sabah kepada Malaysia. Isu tuntutan ke atas Sabah dilihat telah ‘direhatkan’ oleh kerajaan Filipina bagi menjamin hubungan diplomasi yang terjalin dengan Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Filipina; Malaysia; Sabah; ASEAN; Presiden Filipina
Abstract
This article discusses the effects of Philippines claim towards Sabah on Philippines-Malaysia bilateral relations from 1962 to 2010. The Sabah claim and its affects is analyzed from the perspective of Philippines. Athough bilateral relations have been established since the Federation of Malaya gained independence in 1957 yet the Sabah claim has had profound implications. Bilateral relations became strained when President Diosdado Macapagal formally submitted the Philippines’ claim on Sabah in 1962. Since then, relations between the Philippines and Malaysia have been overshadowed by issues surrounding the claim. This article focuses on how the Sabah claim have been handled by the leadership and the government of Philippines since 1962. The purpose of this article is to highlight how Presidents Macapagal, Marcos, Aquino, Ramos, and Arroyo dealt with the Sabah claim. Various policies have been formulated by the Philippine Government in addressing Sabah claim against Malaysia. The results show that since 1962 to 2010 the Philippines government has shown seriousness and continued efforts in pursuing the claim. Admittedly, the issue of Sabah’s claim has caused tensions between the Philippines and Malaysia in the stated period. However, despite the tensions, some Filipino leaders were rational in handling this thorny issue.
Keywords: Philippines; Malaysia; Sabah; ASEAN; Filipino leaders
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