Melaka Straits: A Narrow Band for World Trade

Solvay Gerke (University of Bonn, solvay.gerke@uni-bonn.de), Hans- Dieter Evers (University of Bonn, h.devers@uni-bonn.de)

Abstract


Sharing the same historical background as well as the increasing density of the socio-economic and cultural networks are the ties that link the various countries bordering the Melaka Straits. As such it is only appropriate to discuss what is termed as the ‘region of the Melaka Straits’, that is characterised by a diversity of ethnic and tribal groups, experiencing high rate of urbanisation and a big growth potential. This article not only analyses the region’s economic growth potentials, but also the hidden dangers that are within this highly diversified area. For centuries the Melaka Straits had linked the sub continent of India with the East and Southeast Asia and also Europe. Now, most of the trade activities of Europe, China and Japan are conducted via the Melaka Straits. In fact, the Melaka Straits play an important strategic role in terms of world trade and regional development. The countries bordering the Melaka Straits are rich in natural resources. However, this region is also laden with problems, for example destruction caused by tsunami, pollution caused by maritime and industrial activities, poverty, illegal migration between countries within the region, the depletion of the natural resources and many more. Nevertheless, the growth potential for this region is extraordinarily large and only a small portion has been realised. Thus, although this region is vulnerable to various social, economic, political and natural crises, it also holds huge opportunities for social and economic expansion.

Keywords: Melaka Straits, economic expansion, shipping, trade, tribal, biodiversity, piracy

ABSTRAK

Sejarah yang sama dan jaringan ekonomi, sosial dan budaya yang semakin padat merupakan mata rantai yang menghubungkan daerah-daerah yang berbatasan di wilayah Selat Melaka. Kerana itu sudah selayaknya untuk berbicara mengenai yang disebut ‘Wilayah Selat Melaka’ yang ditandai oleh penduduk yang sukunya beragam, peningkatan urbanisasi dan potensi pertumbuhan yang sangat besar. Makalah ini tidak hanya menganalisa potensi pertumbuhan ekonomi, tetapi juga mengacu pada bahaya tersembunyi dari wilayah yang keragamannya tinggi. Sejak berabad-abad lamanya Selat Melaka menghubungkan subkontinen India dengan bahagian timur dan tenggara Asia dan juga menjambatani Eropah. Kini, kebanyakan perdagangan Eropah dengan China dan Jepun dilakukan melalui jalur Selat Melaka. Bahkan, Selat Melaka memainkan peranan strategis yang penting bagi perdagangan dunia dan pembangunan serantau. Negara-negara yang bersempadanan dengan Selat Melaka kaya dengan sumber daya alam. Walau bagaimanapun, wilayah ini juga sarat dengan masalah, misalnya kerosakan akibat tsunami, pencemaran yang berasal dari kegiatan pelayaran dan industri, masalah kemiskinan, migrasi haram antara kawasan di selat dan penipisan sumber alam dan bermacam lagi. Meskipun demikian, potensi pertumbuhan di wilayah ini luar biasa besarnya dan hanya sebahagiannya direalisasikan kini. Walaupun Wilayah ini rentan terhadap kerusuhan sosial, politik dan bencana alam, namun pada masa yang sama wilayah ini juga menyimpan peluang-peluang besar bagi perkembangan ekonomi dan sosial.

Kata kunci: Selat Melaka, perkembangan ekonomi, pelayaran, perdagangan, kesukuan, keanekaragaman hayati, perompakan


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