Dasar Pandang ke Timur India: Pengukuhan Hubungan India-ASEAN (India’s Look East Policy: Strengthening India-ASEAN Relations)

Zubaidah V.P. Hamzah, Koh Kuan Wei

Abstract


Kajian ini membincangkan pembentukan Dasar Pandang ke Timur India (India’s Look East Policy) dan kesannya terhadap hubungan India dengan ASEAN. Hubungan India dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara telah lama terjalin melalui pelbagai bentuk. Namun demikian, pada era Perang Dingin khususnya pada tahun-tahun 1970an dan 1980an hubungan India dengan rantau Asia Tenggara agak suram disebabkan India tidak meletakkan rantau ini sebagai rantau keutamaan dalam dasar luarnya. Namun demikian tamatnya Perang Dingin dengan kejatuhan Soviet Union telah menyebabkan India perlu mencari hala tuju baharu dalam dasar luarnya. Dalam situasi ekonomi India yang tidak memberangsangkan ini India mula melihat peningkatan ekonomi negara-negara anggota ASEAN sebagai sesuatu yang positif untuk India. Oleh itu pada tahun 1991 Dasar Pandang ke Timur India dibentuk bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hubungan dengan negara jiran timurnya. Kertas ini membincangkan pembentukan dan perkembangan Dasar Pandang ke Timur ini serta kepentingan ASEAN dalam dasar tersebut. Analisis dilakukan berasaskan pendekatan sejarah dengan meneliti sumber primer seperti rekod pertubuhan ASEAN, dokumen dari Kementerian Luar India, akhbar serta sumber sekunder. Kajian mendapati dasar ini telah mengukuhkan hubungan India dengan ASEAN dan ditingkatkan lagi dengan dimensi yang lebih luas melalui Dasar Bertindak ke Timur (India’s Act East Policy).

Kata kunci: Dasar Pandang ke Timur India; ASEAN; dasar luar; India; Asia Tenggara.

 

Abstract 

 

This study discusses the formation of India’s Look East Policy and its impact on India’s relations with ASEAN. India's relations with Southeast Asian countries have long been established through various forms. However, in the Cold War era, especially in the 1970s and 1980s, India's relations with the Southeast Asian region were somewhat bleak because India did not place this region as a priority region in its foreign policy. However, the end of the Cold War with the fall of the Soviet Union had forced India to find a new direction in its foreign policy. In this unfavorable Indian economic condition, India is beginning to see the economic growth of ASEAN member countries as something positive for India. Thus, in 1991 the Look East Policy of India was formed with the aim of enhancing relations with its eastern neighbors. This paper discuss the formation and development of this Look East Policy and the importance of ASEAN in that policy. The analysis is done based on historical approaches by examining primary sources such as records of ASEAN organizations, documents from the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, newspapers and secondary sources. The study found that this policy has strengthened India’s relationship with ASEAN and further enhanced it to a wider dimension through India’s Act East Policy.

Keywords: India’s Look East Policy; ASEAN; foreign policy; India; Southeast Asia


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References


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