Kesan Nomofobia terhadap Estim Kendiri Murid-murid Berkeperluan Khas (The Effect of Nomophobia on Students with Special Needs’ Self-esteem)
Abstract
Kajian tinjauan ini bertujuan mengenalpasti tahap nomofobia dan tahap estim kendiri serta kesan nomofobia terhadap estim kendiri dalam kalangan murid-murid berkeperluan khas di Malaysia. Kebergantungan terhadap telefon pintar telah menyebabkan pelbagai gangguan psikologi, antaranya nomofobia. Nomofobia merupakan ketakutan dan kebimbangan yang dialami oleh seseorang individu semasa ketiadaan telefon pintar. Nomofobia turut dialami oleh murid-murid sekolah menengah, termasuklah murid berkeperluan khas. Bagi mendalami perhubungan ini dari aspek murid berkeperluan khas, soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada 285 orang murid berkeperluan khas. Penganalisisan data terhadap tahap nomofobia dan tahap estim kendiri telah dilaksanakan melalui statistik deskriptif menggunakan nilai min dan sisihan piawai. Statistik inferensi melalui ujian korelasi Spearman rho pula digunakan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara tahap nomofobia dengan tahap estim kendiri. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan murid-murid berkeperluan khas mengalami nomofobia pada tahap sederhana (M=2.73, SP=.412) dan mempunyai estim kendiri yang tinggi (M=2.72, SP=.266). Kajian ini mendapati wujud korelasi positif yang signifikan tetapi rendah antara tahap nomofobia dan tahap estim kendiri murid-murid berkeperluan khas (rs=.210, n=285, p<0.05). Dapatan ini memberi implikasi positif dari segi penggunaan telefon pintar dalam meningkatkan estim kendiri murid-murid berkeperluan khas melalui aplikasi-aplikasi yang menyokong keperluan khas mereka. Aplikasi-aplikasi seperti instant messaging dan media sosial pula dapat menginklusifkan mereka dalam masyarakat yang seterusnya menyokong perkembangan estim kendiri yang lebih positif. Penggunaan telefon pintar bawah pemantauan daripada ibu bapa dan komuniti adalah penting agar peranti ini tidak disalahgunakan oleh murid-murid berkeperluan khas.
Kata kunci: Estim kendiri; kesan; murid berkeperluan khas; nomofobia; telefon pintar
Abstract
The purpose of this survey research is to identify the nomophobia level, self-esteem level and the effect of nomophobia on the self-esteem of the students with special needs in Malaysia.. The dependency on smartphones has caused psychological disorders such as nomophobia. Nomophobia is the fear and anxiety experienced by an individual in the absence of a smartphone. Nomophobia is experienced by secondary school students too, including students with special needs. To address this relationship in terms of students with special needs, questionnaires was administered to 285 students with special needs. Data analysis on nomophobia and self-esteem levels was performed through descriptive statistics using mean value and standard deviation. Inferential statistics through Spearman rho correlation test analyses the correlation between nomophobia and self-esteem levels. The findings showed that students with special needs experienced moderate level of nomophobia (M=2.73, SP=. 412) and high self-esteem (M=2.72, SP=. 266). There was significant with low positive correlation between nomophobia and self-esteem levels of students with special needs (rs=.210, n=285, p < 0.05). These findings have a positive implication on the usage of smartphones to enhance the self-esteem of the students with special needs via assistive applications that support their needs. Applications such as instant messaging and social media help their inclusion into the community and further support the development of more positive self-esteem. The use of smartphones under the supervision of parents and the community is important to ensure that these devices are not misused by these students.
Keywords: Effect; nomophobia; self-esteem; smartphone; students with special needs
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