Gerakan Antivaksin dan Keperluan Penyelesaian Menurut Perspektif Undang-Undang di Malaysia: Suatu Analisis (Anti-vaccine Movement and the Need for Solution from Legal Perspective in Malaysia: An Analysis)

Siti Mahanisayu Marhaban, Muhammad Hafiz Mohd Shukri

Abstract


Kerajaan Malaysia telah menetapkan bahawa perkhidmatan vaksinasi yang diberikannya sejak awal tahun 1950-an adalah percuma dan bertujuan melindungi golongan kanak-kanak. Walau bagaimanapun, tanggungjawab untuk memberikan imunisasi lengkap kepada anak-anak masih merupakan suatu pilihan yang diberi kepada ibu bapa atau penjaga dan tidak bersifat mandatori. Tambahan pula sejak kebelakangan ini, kemunculan gerakan yang bersifat antivaksin dilihat semakin berani menyebarkan fahaman salah mengenai keperluan vaksinasi kepada masyarakat terutamanya golongan ibu bapa. Justeru, penulisan ini bermatlamat menganalisis isu-isu perundangan yang timbul dalam konteks pemberian vaksin kepada kanak-kanak dan kewujudan gerakan antivaksin di Malaysia. Perkaraperkara penting yang dikupas dalam penulisan ini ialah keperluan pemberian vaksin kepada kanak-kanak, kewujudan gerakan antivaksin dan langkah-langkah kawalan terhadap penyebaran maklumat salah di Malaysia. Reka bentuk kajian perundangan tulen yang bersifa tkualitatif diaplikasikan dalam penulisan ini. Sumber data yang dikumpulkan adalah terdiri daripada sumber primer iaitu peruntukan statut dan kes-kes mahkamah di samping sumber sekunder seperti buku teks dan jurnal. Data-data terkumpul seterusnya dianalisis dengan mengaplikasikan kaedah analisis kandungan dan kaedah analisis kritikal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kajian khusus mengenai gerakan antivaksin dan langkah pengawalannya dalam konteks undang-undang di Malaysia amat kurang dijalankan sebelum ini. Maka, penulis mencadangkan agar kajian terperinci dijalankan dengan memfokuskan penyelesaian terhadap isuisu perundangan yang timbul akibat daripada kewujudan gerakan antivaksin menurut perspektif undang-undang di Malaysia. Penulis menjangkakan bahawa kajian perundangan yang dijalankan berdasarkan cadangan tersebut akan dapat memberikan sumbangan ilmu pengetahuan yang baharu dan penting terutamanya berkaitan aspek kawalan undang-undang terhadap kewujudan gerakan antivaksin.

Kata kunci: Antivaksin; imunisasi; imuniti kelompok; kajian undang-undang; maklumat salah

 

Abstract

 

The Malaysian government has decided that vaccination provided since the early 1950s is free and intended to protect children. However, the responsibility to provide complete immunization for children is still an option given to parents or guardians and is not mandatory. Furthermore, the emergence of anti-vaccine movement was even more bold in spreading misconceptions about vaccination needs to society, especially parents. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the legal issues arising in the context of childhood vaccines and the existence of anti-vaccine movement in Malaysia. The key points to be addressed are the requirement of childhood vaccinations, the existence of anti-vaccine movement and the control over the dissemination of false information in Malaysia. The research design of pure legal research which is qualitative in nature has been applied. The data sources consist of primary sources which are statutory provisions and court cases as well as secondary sources such as textbooks and journals. The collected data were analyzed by applying the content analysis and the critical analysis methods. The research outcome indicates that specifc research on the anti-vaccine movement and its precautionary measures in Malaysian legal context were lacking in the past. Therefore, the authors propose that a detailed study to be carried out by focusing on the solution for legal issues arising from the existence of anti-vaccine movement in Malaysian law perspective. The authors expect that the legal research conducted based on such recommendation will contribute new and signifcant knowledge, especially relating to legal measure to control the anti-vaccine movement.

Keywords: Anti-vaccine; immunisation; herd immunity; legal research; false information


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