Local Authorities and Environmental Management in Peninsular Malaysia

JAMALUDDIN MD JAHI (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, jamalmj@ukm.my)

Abstract


In Malaysia, the management of the environment is not the sole responsibility of the Department of Environment but also the state and, local authorities. This paper examines the role and responsibilty of these local authorities in Peninsular Malaysia in managing the environment. The evaluation is based on a study of 25 local authorities consisting of a city hall, 9 municipal councils and 15 district councils. The study shows that there are several constraints which hinder an effective environmental management at the local level. Funding is a major factor. A number of the local authorities spent less than 10% of their annual income on the environment, and much of it was for garbage collection, maintenance of drains, parks and transport. This is further compounded by the inadequacy of the governing legislation and lack of training of enforcement officers. In the light of these short comings, the paper proposes that (1) the relevant legislation be reviewed to include criteria and standards which are currently non-existent, and (2) the enforcement units of the local authorities be enhanced. Failing this, the management of the local authorities should be left to the Department of Environment.

ABSTRAK

Di Malaysia, pengurusan alam sekitar bukanlah tanggungjawab Jabatan Alam Sekitar semata-mata, tetapi juga tanggungjawab kerajaan negeri dan penguasa tempatan. Kertas ini menumpukan perhatian kepada peranan dan tanggung jawab penguasa tempatan di Semenanjung Malaysia dalam pengurus alam sekitar. Penilaian dibuat berasaskan kepada kajian yang dilakukan terhadap 25 penguasa tempatan yang terdiri daripada sebuah dewan bandaraya, 9 majlis perbandaran dan 15 majlis daerah. Kajian ini mengenalpasti beberapa masalah yang menghalang pengurusan yang berkesan. Kewangan merupakan faktor penting. Beberapa penguasa tempatan membelanjakan kurang 10% daripada pendapatan tahunan mereka terhadap alam sekitar; kebanyakannya adalah untuk kerja-kerja pemungutan sampah sarap, membaikpulih longkang-longkang, taman dan pengangkutan. Keadaan ini menjadi bertambah buruk dengan terdapatnya beberapa kekurangan pada undang- undang dan latihan para pegawai penguatkuasa. Memandangkan keadaan sebegini, kertas ini mencadangkan supaya (1) undang-undang yang berkaitan dikaji semula dengan mengambil-kira kriteria dan piawai yang kini tidak wujud, dan (2) unit penguatkuasaan penguasa tempatan dipertingkatkan. Sekiranya ini tidak boleh dilakukan, maka pengurusan alam sekitar tempatan itu hendaklah dikendalikan oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdul Samad, H. 1983. Pembangunan dan perubahan alam sekitar: satu tinjauan dari segi masa. Writers workshop on"Pembangunan dan Alam Sekitar di Malaysia". Department of Geography, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 5 -6 March.

Ahmad Atory, H. 1991. Kerajaan Tempatan: Teori dan Peranan di. Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Department of Environment. 1986. Environmental Quality Report 1981-1984. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment.

Department of Environment. 1989. Environmental Quality Report 1988. Lumpur: Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment.

Department of Environment. 1990. Environmental Quality Report 1989. Lumpur: Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment.

Department of Environment. 1992. Environmental Quality Report 1991. Lumpur: Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment. Kuala Kuala Kuala

Gilbert, F. 1979. Kewangan penguasa-penguasa tempatan: masalah dan prospek (sudut makro). National Seminar on "Kerajaan Tempatan". Johor Bahru, 18-20 September.

Jamaluddin, M.J. 1991. Environmental Policies, Institution, Legal Instruments and Enforcement in Malaysia. Report prepared for the Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS), Kuala Lumpur, July.

Jamaluddin, M.J. 1993. Impak Pembangunan Selepas Merdeka terhadap Alam Sekitar dan Pengurusannya di Semenanjung Malaysia. Ph.D.Thesis, Department of Geography, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Jamaluddin M.J. & S. Sham. 1989a. Kebisingan Komuniti di Beberapa Kawasan Perumahan di Sekitar Bandar Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Report prepared for IRPA, Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Bangi.

Jamaluddin M.J. & S. Sham. 1989b. Kebisingan Komuniti di Beberapa Kawasan Perumahan Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru, Johor. Report prepared for IRPA, Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Bangi.

Jamaluddin M.J. & R. Anuar. 1992. Transport, air quality and noise pollution in the Kuala Lumpur area, Peninsular Malaysia. In Proceedings International Conference on "Environmental Protection and Control Technology". Vol.1: 195 - 209. ENSEARCH & DOE, Kuala Lumpur.

Malaysia. 1965. National Land Code (Act 56 and P.P. 474).

Malaysia. 1974a. Environmental Quality Act, Act 127; Act 636 (Amendmend) 1985.

Malaysia. 1974b. Street, Drainage and Building Act. Act 133.

Malaysia. 1976a. Local Government Act. Act 171.

Malaysia. 1976b. Town and Country Planning Act. Act 172.

Mohamed Suffian, H. 1976. An introduction to the Constitution of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Government Printers.

Newbold, T.J. 1839. Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca. London: John Murray.

New Sunday Times, April 4, 1993.

Selangor. 1987. Local Government Act, 1976 (Trade Licensing, Business and Industry By-laws), P.U. 38, (mdhl).

Sham, S. & M.J. Jamaluddin. 1990. Community noise in the residential areas of Bandar Baru Bangi. In Hairi, A. & H. M. Zulkifly (eds.), Tropical Urban Ecosystem Studies, Vol. 7: Bandar Baru Bangi: Profile of a University Town in Malaysia. Technical Report, Working Group on Urban Ecosystems, Malaysian National MAB Committee-UNESCO, 75 - 91.

Tajuddin, K. & I. Mansor. 1979. Community Noise Study in Kuala Lumpur: Preliminary Findings, Manuscript, 5 pages.

Zahari, A. R. 1991. Memahami Kerajaan Tempatan di Malaysia. Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694