Masyarakat Minoriti Idahan dan Ekologi Sarang Burung: Pengaruh Sistem Kekerabatan dalam Pengurusan Alam Sekitar

MOHAMED YUSOFF ISMAIL (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, myis@ukm.my)

Abstract


Ethnic minoriry groups, like the Idahans of Sabah, seem to have better rapport with nature. Their traditional method of natural resource management reflects their profound knowledge of the ecological system that has sustained part of their traditional economy. To ensure the survival of the swiftlet species which produces the edible nests, the Idahans have developed a social mechanism to control access to nesting chambers. Harvesting rights are rotated among lineage groups instead of privately owned. This method of social control ensures that harvesting is done moderately and systematically, thereby guaranteeing the sustainability of the resources for the benefit of future generations.

ABSTRAK

Golongan minoriti etnik, seperti orang Idahan di Sabah, biasanya mempunyai budaya hidup yang mesra dengan alam. Cara mereka mengurus sumber semula jadi membuktikan bahawa mereka mempunyai pengetahuan mendalam terhadap sistem ekologi yang menampung sebahagian daripada kehidupan ekonomi mereka. Bagi memastikan bahawa spesies burung yang menghasilkan sarang yang boleh dimakan tidak pupus, satu bentuk kawalan sosial telah diwujudkan bagi menghadkan penuaian sarang burung, sementara hak menuai digilir-gilirkan di antara jurai kekerabatan. Kawalan sosial itu meletakkan gua sarang burung di bawah milik bersama komuniti Idahan bagi membolehkan penuaian dijalankan dengan cara yang sederhana dan sistematis supaya sumber tersebut berterusan dimanfaatkan oleh generasi akan datang.


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