Bahasa, Kuasa, dan Ideologi: Analisis Wacana Kritis Sebutan Baku Bahasa Melayu

IDRIS AMAN (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, idrisa@ukm.my)

Abstract


This article analyses the way a language, for terms of discourse, is used by the language agency - a national institution responsible for language development - to change social practices with regard to Malay pronunciation. For this purpose, this paper uses the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis that views discourse from three inter-related dimensions, namely textual analysis, discursive practice, and social practice. The paper shows that to meet its ends, the language agency employs the power of language through the use of modality, imperative moods, and agentless passive and intransitive clauses. The resulting discourse practice produced by the agency is a guiding genre, that prescribes a list of ways in pronouncing phonemes. The agency issues guidelines to change the system of pronunciation of the language user. In effect, the power of language is the manifestation of the ideology of solidarity championed by the agency.

Keywords: Language, discourse, ideology, language users

ABSTRAK

Artikel ini menganalisis cara bahasa sebagai wacana dieksploitasi oleh institusi perancang bahasa negara untuk tujuan mengubah amalan sosial dalam soal sebutan. Penulis menggunakan kerangka teori analisis wacana kritis yang melihat wacana dari tiga dimensi secara berkaitan, iaitu dimensi teks, dimensi amalan wacana, dan dimensi amalan sosial. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahawa institusi berkenaan memanfaatkan kuasa bahasa melalui penggunaan modaliti, modus kehendak, serta klausa tak transitif dan pasif tanpa pelaku bagi mencapai hajat mereka. Amalan wacana yang dihasilkan adalah genre pedoman, iaitu senarai cara menyebut sesuatu bunyi mengikut kehendak institusi tersebut. Institusi ini bertindak melaksanakan wibawanya dengan mengeluarkan pedoman yang bersifat "kehendak" bagi mengubah sistem sebutan pengguna bahasa. Pada hakikatnya, kuasa bahasa itu dimanifestasi oleh ideologi solidariti yang menjadi pegangan institusi berkenaan.

Kata kunci: Bahasa, wacana, ideologi, pengguna bahasa


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