Bandar Pertengahan Sebagai Pusat Pembangunan Industri Pembuatan di Malaysia: Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur

KATIMAN ROSTAM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, katman@ukm.my)

Abstract


Kuantan is an intermediate city located in the east coast, the less developed region of Peninsular Malaysia. Since the mid-1980s, manufacturing sector particularly SMI, has emerged in Semambu, Gebeng and Kuantan Port, manufacturing goods such as furniture, light machineries, automobile components, wood-based products, food and beverages. However, since the 1990s, activities such as manufacturing electrical goods, petrochemical products and automotive components, have become the main thrust of industrialization program that contributes significantly to the economic growth of the city. This paper attempts to discuss the comparative advantages of Kuantan over other cities as manufacturing centre in the region. Kuantan's commanding location over raw materials in the interior of the region, abundant cheap labour, superb infrastructural provision and availability of a wide range of service facilities, various fiscal incentives and attractive urbanization economies, are among the influential factors that contribute to the growth of manufacturing activities in the area. This indicates that Kuantan is capable of reducing the attraction of the principle growth centre such as Klang Valley. The growth pole also promotes economic growth to the East Coast Region reducing the imbalance development between regions in the county. The development also suggests that the intermediate city located in the periphery can participate successfully in the process of industrial development that linked directly to the global economic system. Such a success is achieved through the adoption of appropriate proactive policies and strategies and the ability of the local and state agencies to develop the economic space of the city.

Keywords: Intermediate city, industrial development, manufacturing, Pahang

ABSTRAK

Kuantan adalah sebuah bandar pertengahan yang terletak di Wilayah Timur Semenanjung Malaysia yang umumnya belum maju. Sejak pertengahan 1980-an, sektor pembuatan, khususnya IKS telah berkembang di Semambu, Gebeng dan Pelabuhan Kuantan yang menghasilkan barangan perabut, jentera kecil, komponen kenderaan, bahan kayu, makanan dan minuman. Bagaimanapun, sejak 1990-an aktiviti pembuatan yang menghasilkan barangan elektrik, petrokimia dan komponen kenderaan telah menjadi teras pembangunan industri yang banyak menyumbang kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat bandar ini. Kertas ini berusaha untuk memeriksa kelebihan bandingan bandar Kuantan sebagai pusat perindustrian, berbanding dengan bandar-bandar lain di wilayah tersebut. Letakan Kuantan yang menguntungkan dalam konteks pemanfaatan bahan mentah di kawasan pedalamannya, tenaga buruh murah, kemudahan infrastruktur dan perkhidmatan yang baik, pelbagai insentif dan ekonomi pembandaran yang menarik, adalah antara faktor berpengaruh yang menyumbang kepada kemajuan sektor pembuatan di bandar tersebut. Kuantan kini adalah bandar pertengahan yang banyak menarik pelaburan dalam sektor pembuatan yang mampu memberikan kesan balas tarikan kepada pusat pertumbuhan utama seperti Lembah Klang. Pusat pertumbuhan ini juga membantu memajukan Wilayah Pantai Timur seimbang dengan pembangunan wilayah-wilayah lain di negara ini. Hal ini turut membuktikan bahawa bandar pertengahan di kawasan pinggiran boleh turut serta melibatkan diri dengan jayanya dalam pembangunan ekonomi perindustrian yang terkait secara langsung dengan sistem ekonomi global. Kejayaan ini dicapai melalui pelaksanaan dasar yang proaktif dan strategi serta keupayaan agensi di peringkat tempatan dan negeri dalam menyusun dan memajukan ruang ekonomi bandar berkenaan.

Kata kunci: Bandar pertengahan, pembangunan industri, pembuatan, Pahang


Full Text:

PDF

References


Berry, B.J.L. , E.C. Conkling & D.M. Ray. 1993. The global economy: Resource use, locational choice and international trade. Englewood Cliff.N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

De Mello, L.R. Jr. 1997. Foreign direct investment in developing countries and growth: A selective survey. The Journal of Development Studies 34 (1): 1-34.

Dicken, P. 1992. Global shift: The internationalization of economic activity. London: Paul Chapmen Pub.

Gilbert, A. & J. Gugler. 1982. Cities. Poverty and development: Urbanization in the Third World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Jomo K.S. 1994. Manufacturing growth and employment. Dalam Jomo. K.S. (pnyt.), Malaysian economy in the nineties. Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Pub.

Khoo Soo Gim & Kate Van Kit Yee. 1996. Pembandaran dan pertumbuhan bandar di Malaysia. Siri Monograf Banci Penduduk No. 1. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia.

Knight, R.V. 1989. The emergent global society. Dlm. R.V. Knight & G Gappert (pnyt.), Cities in a global society. Newbury Park: Sage Pub.

Knox, P.L. 1996. World cities and the organizasation of global space. Dlm. R.J. Johnston, P.J. Taylor & M.J. Watts (pnyt.), Geographies of the global changes. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Lo, F.C. & K. Salih, (pnyt.). 1978. Growth pole strategy and regional development policy: Asia experiences and alternative approaches. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Lo, F.C. & K.

Salih. 1981. Growth poles, agripolitan development and polarization reversal: The debate and search far alternatives. Dlm. W.B. Stohr & R.R.F. Taylor (pnyt.), Development for above or below? New Delhi: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Malaysia. 1975. Rancangan Malaysia Ketiga 1975-1980. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Cetak Kerajaan.

Malaysia. 1979. Kajian separuh penggal Rancangan Malaysia Ketiga 1976-1980. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Cetak Kerajaan.

Malaysia. 1991. Sixth Malaysia Plan 1991-1995. Kuala Lumpur. National Printing Department.

Malaysia. 1996. Seventh Malaysia Plan 1996-2000. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad.

McCann, P 1995. Rethingking the economic of location and agglomeration. Urban Studies 32(3): 563-77.

MIDA. 1995. Position of industrial estates developed by the SEDC, RDA, Port Auhorities and Municipalities. Kuala Lumpur: Prepared by MIDA.

MIDA. 1996. Malaysia Industrial Digest. Oct-Dec.

MIDA. 1998. Malaysia Industrial Digest. Feb.

Pahang. 1996a. Pahang: The emerging power house, investment profile. Kuantan: UPEN & Pahang State Secretariat Office.

Pahang. 1996b. Relevant statistical data for investor. Kuantan: PSDC, UPEN & Pahang Statistical Dept.

PKNP. 1996. Pahang: Industry (Inagural). Kuantan: Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Pahang.

Richardson, H.W. 1981. National urbanisation strategy in developing countries. Urban Studies 18: 267-83.

Rondinelli, D.A. 1983. Secondary cities in developing countries: Policies for diffusing urbanization. Beverly Hills: Sage Pubs.

Shariffudin Mohamed. 1998. Pahang amal sikap mesra pelabur. Berita Harian, 24 Oktober, hlm. 6.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694