Potensi Perdagangan Luar Produk Berteknologi Tinggi Malaysia

ISHAK YUSSOF (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, iby@ukm.my), AHMAD MOHD ZIN (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, amz@ukm.my)

Abstract


Although the pattern of the Malaysian external trade in high-tech products shows an increasing trend, a closer examination raises doubt in terms of the technology content employed in producing such products. This is due to the nature of the manufacturing sector at the national level that relies heavily on the production of electronic componentsand not electronic products. Although there may be some electronic goods being produced locally, the work required to produce these goods mainly focuses on assembling and packaging activities with only a small amount of value added involved. Furthermore, several related indicators on science and technology (S&T), research and development (R&D), human resource development and the level of innovation process in Malaysia are still relatively lower compared to several other countries like Singapore and South Korea. Thus, efforts to strengthen national competitiveness in producing these products are imperative.

ABSTRAK

Walaupun tren perdagangan luar Malaysia dalam produk berteknologi tinggi menunjukkan arah aliran yang semakin meningkat, namun kajian secara terperinci mendapati wujud keraguan dari segi kandungan tingkat teknologi yang digunakan. Hal ini kerana sektor pembuatan negara masih tertumpu kepada aktiviti pengeluaran barang-barang komponen elektronik dan bukannya terhadap produk elektronik itu sendiri. Kalaupun produk elektronik, ia hanya melibatkan kerja-kerja pemasangan dan pembungkusan produk yang memerlukan tingkat kemahiran dun berteknologi sederhana serta mempunyai nilai ditambah yang rendah. Tambahan pula, indikator yang berkaitan dengan sains dan teknologi (S&T), penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D), pembangunan sumber manusia dan tahap proses inovasi di Malaysia secara relatif adalah masih rendah berbanding dengan beberapa negara lain seperti Singapura dan Korea Selatan. Untuk meningkatkan keupayaan negara, maka langkah-langkah memperkukuh daya saing negara dalam produk berkenaan perlu dilakukan.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Akamatsu, K. 1962. A Historical Pattern of Economic Growth in Developing Countries. Developing Economies l (1): 3-25.

Anuwar Ali. 1995. Globalisasi Pembangunan Industri dan Pernerintah di Malaysia. Siri Syarahan Perdana Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi.

Balassa, B. 1978. Exports and Economic Growth: Further Evidence. Jurnal of Development Economics 5(2), June: 181-189.

Bhagwati, J. 1978. Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Anatomy and Consequences of Exchange Control Regimes. Ballinger, Cambridge.

Davis, L. 1982. Technology Intensity of US Output and Trade. US Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration.

Feder, G. 1983. On Exports and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics 12, Feb/Apr: 59-73.

Hayashi, T. 1990. The Japanese Experience in Technology: From Transfer to Self- Reliance. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.

Hill, Hal. 2001. Technology and Innovation in Developing East Asia: An Interpretive Survey. A paper prepared for the World Bank project on East Asia's Future Economy. The World Bank, Washington D.C.

Hughes, H. & J. Waelbroeck. 1981. Can Developing Country Exports Keep Growing in the 1980s? The World Economy9(4), June: 127-149.

INTECH. 2000. Exports of High Technology Products From Developing Countries 1988-1998- Data on CD-ROM. United Nations University Institute for New Technologies, Maastricht.

Ishak Yussof & Rahmah Ismail. 2001. Human Resource Competitiveness and Inflow of Foreign Direct Investment to the ASEAN Region. Kertas Kerja 17th Pacific Conference of the RSAI, Portland, Oregon, Jun 30-4 Julai.

Kagami, Mitsuhiro. 1997. New Strategies for Asian Technological Development: Problems Facing Technology Transfer and Backward Linkage. Discussion Paper Series No. 5, Development Studies Department, Institute of Developing Economies.

Krueger, A. O. 1980. Trade Policy as an Input to Development. American Economic Review 70, May: 288-292.

Lall, S. 1998. Exports of Manufactures by Developing Countries: Emerging Patterns of Trade and Location. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 14(2):54-73.

Lall, S. Manuel Albaladejo & Enrique Aldaz. 1999. East Asian Exports, Competitiveness, Technological Structure, Strategies. Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.

Malaysia. 2001a. Rancangan Malaysia Kelapan 2001-2005. KualaLumpur: Percetakan Nasional Berhad.

Malaysia. 2001b. Rangka Rancangan Jangka Panjang Ketiga 2001-2010. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nasional Bethad.

Mani, S. 2000. Exports of High Technology Products from Developing Countries: Is it Real or a Statistical Artifact. INTECH Discussion Paper Series, Institute for New Technologies, The United Nations University, May.

MASTIC. 2000a. Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators Report. Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment.

MASTIC. 2000b. The Public Awareness of Science and Technology Malaysia 2000. Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment.

Michaely, M. 1977. Exports and Growth: An Empirical Investigation. Joumal of Development Economics 4(1), March: 49-53.

OECD. 1990. OECD Science and Technology Indicators.

OECD, Paris. OECD. 1997. Technology and Industrial Performance. OECD, Paris.

Ritchie, B. K. 2001. Innovation Systems, Collective Dilemmas, and the Formation of Technical Intellctual Capital in Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Paper presented at the National University of Singapore Center for Innovation and Technopreneurship, September 20.

Salvatore, D. 1983. A Simultaneous Equation Model of Trade and Development with Dynamic Policy Simulations. Kyklos 36(6): 66-90.

Thirwall , A. P. 1989. Growth and Development With Special Reference to Developing Economics. London: Macmillan.

Thomsen, S. 1999. Southeast Asia: The Role of Foreign Direct Investment Policies in Development. Working Papers on International Investment. OECD, Paris.

Tyler, W. G. 1981. Growth and Export Expansion in Developing Countries: Some Empirical Evidence. Journal of Development Economics 9(1). August: 121-130.

World Bank. 1987. World Development Report 1987. New York.

World Bank. 1997. Malaysia: Enterprise Training, Technology, and Productivity. A World Bank Country Study. A joint publication of the World Bank, the United Nations. Development Programme, and the Malaysia Economic Planning Unit. The Word Bank, Washington D.C.

World Bank. 1999. World Development Indicators 1999. Washington, D.C.

http://www.miti.gov.my (diakses pada 17 April 2002).

http://www.might.org.my (diakses pada 17 April 2002).

http://www.mastic.gov.my(diakses pada 17 April 2002).


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694