Bahasa dan Kepimpinan: Pengkhalayakan Wacana Perdana Menteri Dato’ Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad (Language and Leadership: Audienization of the Prime Minister Dato’ Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad’s Discourse)

IDRIS AMAN (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, idrisa@ukm.my)

Abstract


Leadership is one of the most important processes in social life and has always been given top priority. Good and quality leadership is important, especially in the wake of today’s world situation. In the leadership process, the role of language as communication and interaction tools cannot be denied. Thus, this article aims to show the dialectical relationship between languages (in terms of discourse) with one aspect of the social process, i.e. leadership. Specifically, this article discusses how a state leader employed language for the effectiveness of his leadership, and simultaneously to explain how language features in the processes. For that purpose, this article analyzes the New Year’s messages of Prime Minister of Malaysia Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. This article adopts a ‘critical discourse analysis’ theoretical framework. From the analysis, it is concluded that the basis of the leadership practice of Mahathir Mohamad is ‘audienization of the discourse’. The practice is shown through the linguistic features, i.e. from the dimension of discursive practices and from the dimension of textuality. The former is implied from the discourse processing, inter- discursivity and intertextuality of the discourse. Meanwhile, the latter is implied through the use of alternative words.

ABSTRAK

Kepimpinan adalah salah satu proses kehidupan sosial yang penting dan sentiasa mendapat keutamaan manusia. Selaras dengan percaturan dunia hari ini pula, keberkesanan kepimpinan negara begitu ditekankan. Dalam proses kepimpinan, peranan bahasa sebagai wahana komunikasi dan interaksi memang tidak boleh dinafikan. Justeru, tujuan utama tulisan ini ialah memperlihatkan hubungan dialektikal antara bahasa (dengan pengertian wacana) dengan satu aspek proses sosial, iaitu kepimpinan. Dalam kata lain, proses kepimpinan terselindung dalam wacana. Secara khusus, tulisan ini membincangkan bagaimana pemimpin negara menggembleng bahasa bagi keberkesanan proses kepimpinannya, serta pada masa yang sama menjelaskan bagaimana bahasa berperawakan dalam proses tersebut. Bagi mencapai matlamat tersebut, tulisan ini menganalisis wacana perutusan tahun baru Perdana Menteri Malaysia Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. Tulisan ini menerapkan kerangka teori Critical Discourse Analysis. Daripada analisis terhadap wacana berkenaan dirumuskan bahawa asas praktis kepimpinan Mahathir Mohamad ialah ‘pengkhalayakan wacana’. Praktis ini terlihat melalui perawakan linguistik, iaitu dari dimensi amalan wacananya dan dimensi tekstualnya. Dari dimensi amalan wacana, pengkhalayakan wacana dibayangkan oleh cara wacana diproses serta ciri interdiskursiviti dan intertekstualiti wacana yang dimanfaatkan. Dari dimensi tekstual, ia dibayangkan oleh penggunaan kata alternatif.


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