Pelaksanaan Penggunaan Bahasa Melayu di Sarawak: Antara Hak Negeri dan Kepentingan Nasional (1963-1966) (Implementation of the Use of Bahasa Melayu in Sarawak: Between the State and National Interests (1963-1966))

Suffian Mansor, Awang Azman Awang Pawi

Abstract


Bahasa Melayu merupakan bahasa rasmi dan kebangsaan di Malaysia. Ia merupakan salah satu alat untuk mencapai perpaduan nasional. Oleh itu pihak kerajaan cuba melaksanakan usaha penggunaan bahasa Melayu di semua peringkat. Ini termasuklah memperkenalkan bahasa Melayu di Sabah dan Sarawak. Namun demikian pelaksanaannya mengalami masalah apabila kerajaan negeri Sarawak pimpinan Stephen Kalong Ningkan melambat-lambatkan penggunaan bahasa Melayu di Sarawak. Hal ini menimbulkan pertentangan antara kerajaan pusat dan kerajaan negeri untuk melaksanakan penggunaannya di Sarawak. Kerajaan negeri cuba menggunakan alasan dengan Perkara 18 yang menguntukkan kebebasan untuk kerajaan negeri mengekalkan penggunaan bahasa Inggeris di Sarawak sebagai bahasa rasmi. Hal ini membawa kepada bantahan kerajaan pusat dibawah pimpinan Tengku Abdul Rahman. Tengku Abdul Rahman mengingatkan kerajaan negeri Sarawak tentang kepentingan bahasa Melayu untuk perpaduan rakyat. Sebaliknya, Ningkan tidak berganjak dan mahukan status quo bahasa Inggeris dikekalkan di Sarawak. Krisis antara kerajaan pusat dan negeri ini semakin membesar dengan pelbagai isu lain seperti pelaksanaan Malaysianisasi dalam perkhidmatan negeri Sarawak, isu penjualan tanah, pemecatan beberapa menteri kabinet dan masalah peribadi ketua menteri. Hal ini memberi ruang kepada pihak yang tidak senang dengan Ningkan untuk mendesak beliau meletak jawatan. Krisis ini membawa kepada ketidakstabilan kerajaan negeri. Kerajaan persekutuan mengambil tindakan untuk menyingkirkan Ningkan. Dengan sokongan daripada ahli politik Sarawak, Ningkan telah disingkirkan. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah kajian perpustakaan dengan mengambil bahan-bahan dari arkib dan perpustakaan. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan adalah sumber bercetak terutamannya dari bahan primari. Menerusi kajian ini mendapati bahawa persefahaman antara kerajaan negeri dan pusat penting untuk mewujudkan keharmonian dalam sesebuah kerajaan.

 

Kata kunci: Bahasa Melayu; Bahasa Inggeris; Sarawak; Malaysia; Stephen Kalong Ningkan

 

Abstract

 

Bahasa Melayu is the official and national language in Malaysia. It is one of tool to achieve national unity. Therefore the government tried to implement the use of the Bahasa Melayu at all levels. These include the introduction of the Bahasa Melayu in Sabah and Sarawak. However, its implementation had encountered a problem when the state government led by Stephen Kalong Ningkan delaying the use of the Bahasa Melayu in Sarawak. This had led to conflict between the central government and the state government to implement its use in Sarawak. The state government tried to stress 18 points of the earmark of freedom to the state government to maintain the use of English as the official language in Sarawak. This led to the central government’s protest under the leadership of Tengku Abdul Rahman. Tengku Abdul Rahman reminded the state government about the importance of Bahasa Melayu for people unity. However Ningkan did not budge and wanted the status quo to be maintained in Sarawak. The crisis between the central government and the state grown with various other issues such as implementation Malaysianisasi in Sarawak’s public administration, the issue of land, sacking several ministers and the chief minister’s personal problems. These problems give space to those who are not pleased with Ningkan to demand him to be resigned. The crisis led to the instability of the state government. With the uneasy situation in Sarawak, the federal government intervened and dismissed Ningkan as Chief Minister. This article uses library research’s method which will involve gather the sources from archive and library, The sources are from printing sources especially primary sources. Through this study, the understanding between the state and the central government is important to create harmony within a government.

 

Keywords: Bahasa Melayu; English; Malaysia; Sarawak; Stephen Kalong Ningkan


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