Faktor-Faktor Penentu Kecenderungan Keusahawanan dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah (The Determinant Factors an Entrepreneurship Inclination among Secondary School Students)
Abstract
Kecenderungan golongan muda terutamanya pelajar sekolah menengah melibatkan diri dalam kerjaya keusahawanan memberi kebaikan kepada negara. Bagaimanapun, SME Corp (2016) melaporkan kadar kecenderungan keusahawanan dalam kalangan masyarakat Malaysia telah mencatatkan aliran menurun daripada 13 peratus (2012), 12 peratus (2013), 12 peratus (2014) kepada hanya enam peratus sahaja (2015/2016).Situasi ini memberikan gambaran bahawabilangan usahawan semakin sedikit dan pelaburan Kerajaan bagi merangsang keusahawanan dalam kalangan golongan muda kurang mampu memberi manfaat kepada ekonomi negara untuk tempoh jangka panjang.Maka tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji faktor penentu kecenderungan keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di Terengganu. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melibatkan penggunaan borang soal selidik.Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 161 orang pelajar Tingkatan 4 yang mengikuti kelab keusahawanan di 16 buah sekolah menengah di Terengganu dipilih secara rawak mudah untuk dijadikan responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistikdeskriptif dan inferensi seperti ujian Korelasi Pearson dan Regresi Pelbagai.Secara keseluruhannya, hasil kajian ini mendapati majoriti responden mempunyai kecenderungan keusahawananpada tahap tinggi. Kajian ini juga mendapati kewangan, model peranan, halangan, pengenalan sosial, norma sosial, pengetahuan keusahawanan dan kemahiran keusahawanan adalah faktor penentu yang mempengaruhi kecenderungan keusahawanan dalam kalangan responden.Faktor penentu kemahiran keusahawananpaling dominan mempengaruhi kecenderungan keusahawanan dalam kalangan responden. Maka kajian ini mencadangkan kepada Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia supaya membuka lebih banyak kelab keusahawanan di sekolah menengahagar ramai pelajar dapat belajar kemahiran keusahawanan dalam situasi sebenar pada usia belasan tahunkerana mempengaruhikecenderungan mereka menceburi kerjaya keusahawanan.
Kata kunci: Faktor penentu; kecenderungan keusahawanan; pelajar sekolah menengah; ahli kelab keusahawanan; usahawan muda
Abstract
The inclination of young adults especially secondary school students to engage in entrepreneurship benefit the nation. However, SME Corp (2016) reported that entrepreneurship inclination rates among Malaysians recorded a downward trend from 13 percent (2012), 12 percent (2013), 12 percent (2014) to just six percent (2015/2016). This situation illustrates that the number of entrepreneurs is getting smaller and the Government's investment in stimulating entrepreneurship among young people less to benefit the country's economy for a long term.Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the determinantfactors an entrepreneurship inclination among secondary school students in Terengganu.The studyused a quantitative approach involving the use of a set of questionnaires. There are a total of 161 random selected respondents who are form 4 entrepreneurship club member from 16 secondary schools in Terengganu. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis such as Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression. Overall, this study concluded that the majority of respondents have high level entrepreneurship inclination. This study also found financial, role models, barriers, social identities, social norms, entrepreneurship knowledge and entrepreneurship skills were the determinantfactors of influencing entrepreneurship inclination among respondents. Entrepreneurship skills is the most dominant determinant factors influence entrepreneurship inclination among respondents. Hence, this study suggested to the Ministry of Education to open more entrepreneurship clubs in secondary schools so that many students can learn entrepreneurship skills in real situations because its will influence their inclination to involve into entrepreneurship career.
Keyword:Determinant factors; entrepreneurship inclination; secondary school student; entrepreneurship club members; young entrepreneur
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