Heritage Language Valorisation and Family Language Policy in Indonesian Inter-Ethnic Families in Australia

Miftahush Shalihah, Christine Manara

Abstract


This article examines the maintenance of Indonesian as a heritage language among mixed-ethnic Indonesian couples residing in Melbourne, Australia. In this study, all couples consist of Indonesians from different regional ethnic backgrounds. It investigates household language policies, parental attitudes, and the strategies employed to sustain the use of Indonesian within family contexts. The study is theoretically grounded by the framework of Family Language Policy (FLP) and the concept of language valorisation. Utilising a qualitative approach, the study involved four Indonesian inter-ethnic families represented by four Indonesian women married to spouses of different regional backgrounds. Data were primarily gathered through in-depth interviews, supplemented by questionnaire responses. The findings reveal that although none of the families had explicit language policies, all respondents regarded Indonesian as the family's heritage language and used it regularly in daily interactions. Parents demonstrated a strong commitment to preserving Indonesian as a means of fostering cultural continuity and identity within a minority setting. Common strategies included regular use of Indonesian at home, access to Indonesian media (e.g., animated videos and books), storytelling grounded in folklore, and engagement in community-based cultural events and playgroups. Despite these positive efforts, the study highlights the need for further research on the long-term effectiveness of such strategies, particularly in addressing potential language shift and attrition among second-generation speakers growing up in multilingual, multicultural contexts.

 

Keywords: inter-ethnic marriage; language valorization; heritage language; language policies

 

DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2026-3202-01


Full Text:

PDF

References


Arnaus Gil, L., & Jiménez-Gaspar, A. (2022). Catalan as a Heritage Language in Germany. Languages, 7(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7010043

Banirestu, H. (2022, May 29). Orang Indonesia Masuk 20 Besar Komunitas Migran Terbesar di Australia. Https://Swa.Co.Id/Property/Orang-Indonesia-Masuk-20-Besar-Komunitas-Migran-Terbesar-Di-Australia

Bergbauer, S., Goyal, A., Gynther, K., Jandorf, A., Karim, A., Kirsch, R., Peterson, S., & Wang, N. (2010). Affective and Experiential Influences on English Skills of Heritage Spanish Speakers [Thesis]. University of Maryland.

Brandi, L. T. (2018). Young Speakers of Mexican Indigenous Languages: Contesting Language Ideologies and Policies [Doctoral Thesis]. University of Liverpool.

Brown, C. L. (2009). Heritage Language and Ethnic Identity: A Case Study of Korean-American College Students. In International Journal of Multicultural Education (Vol. 11, Number 1).

Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. (2005). Language and Identity. In A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology (pp. 369–394). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996522.ch16

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design (4th Edition). Sage Publication.

Curdt-Christiansen, X. L. (2018). Family Language Policy. In J. W. Tollefsin & M. Perez-Milans (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language Policy and Planning (21). Oxford University Press.

Efendi, A. (2020). Weighing on languages: Indonesian parents’ attitudes on bilingualism. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 15(1), 47–63.

Et-Bozkurt, T., & Yağmur, K. (2022). Family Language Policy Among Second- and Third-Generation Turkish Parents in Melbourne, Australia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 43(9), 821–832.

https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2044832

Hamers, J. F., & Blanc, M. H. A. (2000). Bilinguality and Bilingualism. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605796

Hidayati, D., & Prasatyo, B. A. (2023). Parents' Attitude Towards Heritage Language Maintenance. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, 12(1), 262–274.

Kadir, R. (2021). Language Maintenance in An Interracial Marriage: The Case of Indonesian Females’ Language Choice in Canada. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v11i1.34589

King, K., & Fogle, L. (2006). Bilingual Parenting as Good Parenting: Parents’ Perspectives on Family Language Policy for Additive Bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9(6), 695–712.

https://doi.org/10.2167/beb362.0

KPU. (2023). Data Agregat WNI yang Tercatat di Perwakilan KPU. In https://www.kpu.go.id/dmdocuments/Data_Agregat_WNI.pdf

Kumar, R., & Prakash, O. (2019). Language, Identity and Contemporary Society.

Lubis, I. S., Siregar, B. U., & Manara, C. (2025). Balancing local and foreign languages: Family language policy in multicultural Samarinda. Studies in English Language and Education, 12(3), 1527–1545. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v12i3.38805

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th Edition). Jossey Bass.

Montrul, S. (2015). The Acquisition of Heritage Languages. In The Acquisition of Heritage Languages. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139030502

Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2021). Heritage Languages, Heritage Speaker, Heritage Linguistics (S. Montrul & M. Polinsky, Eds.). Cambridge University Press.

Muliawati, I., & Yusnida, D. (2022). The perception of Acehnese parents on heritage language maintenance: A quantitative approach. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(2), 851–869. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i2.23182

Muslim, A. B., & Brown, J. R. (2016). Navigating between ethnic and religious identity: Heritage language maintenance among young Australians of Indonesian origin. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(1), 145–154.

https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v6i1.2747

Norton, B. (2013). Identity and Language Learning: Extending the Conversation (2nd Edition). Multilingual Matters.

Noy, C. (2008). Sampling Knowledge: The Hermeneutics of Snowball Sampling in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570701401305

Nupus, H. (2021). Parent’s Language Policies and Language Attitudes in The Family A R TIC LE I N F O A BS T RA C T. JEES: Journal of English Education Studies, 4(1), 41–54. http://jees.ejournal.id

Nurlia, V., Indarti, D., & Manara, C. (2025). Language Attitudes and Valorization Among Indonesian Engineering Students. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 13(1), 268. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v13i1.13290

Othman, M. (2022, March). Family Language Policies of Saudi Student Families in the UK: Parental Language Beliefs, Practices and management (pp. 1–340) [Video recording]. York University.

Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (4th Edition). Sage Publication.

Pebriyati, N. (2014). Language Choice in Interracial Marriage Families: British-Indonesian Couples. LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies, 2(1), 1–6.

Polinsky, M. (2018). Heritage Languages and Their Speakers (P. Austin, J. Bresnan, B. Comrie, S. Crain, W. Dressler, C. J. Ewen, R. Lass, D. Lightfoot, K. Rice, I. Robert, S. Romaine, & N. V. Smith, Eds.; First Edition). Cambridge University Press.

Qurratua’yun. (2018). The Language Choice of Bimanese Mixed Marriage Family Members in Daily Conversation: A Survey Study at Kecamatan Sekotong in West Lombok [Thesis]. Universitas Mataram.

Romanowski, P. (2021). A deliberate language policy or a perceived lack of agency: Heritage language maintenance in the Polish community in Melbourne. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(5), 1214–1234.

https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069211000850

Sari, R. A. (2020). An Analysis of Language Choice of Interethnic Marriage Dyak-Madurese Couples. HUMANIKA, 27(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.v27i1.29750

Sirait, A. D., Salam, N. E., & Yasir, -. (2020). Family Communication in Mixed Marriage Couples Between Indonesia-Australia. International Journal of Media and Communication Research, 1(2), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.25299/ijmcr.v1i2.5237

Smith-Christmas, C. (2020). 11 Child Agency and Home Language Maintenance. In Handbook of Home Language Maintenance and Development (pp. 218–235). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501510175-011

Spolsky, B. (2005). Language Policy. In J. Cohen, K. T. McAlister, K. Rolstad, & J. MacSwan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Cascadilla Press.

Torsh, H. I., & Lising, L. (2022). Multilingual family language policy in monolingual Australia: multilingual desires and monolingual realities. Multilingua, 41(5), 519–527. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2022-0103

Zenker, O. (2018). The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology (H. Callan, Ed.). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118924396


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

 

 

eISSN : 2550-2247

ISSN : 0128-5157

https://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/

SITUS TOTO

Toto 4D

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

SLOT88

NANA4D

SLOT88

SLOT88

SITUS TOTO

SITUS TOTO

https://choicemg.com/

Untuk artikel-artikel serupa dan berbagai topik menarik lainnya, silakan eksplorasi lebih lanjut di Angkerzone.com.

Committed to creating a positive impact beyond returns, Barito Renewables integrates ESG principles into its core business objectives. They prioritize public health, safety, and community respect while making critical investments in clean energy. More about their ESG approach can be found at baritorenewables.org.

PT Pantai Indah Kapuk Dua, Tbk (PANI) adalah pengembang properti terkemuka di Indonesia yang berkomitmen menghadirkan inovasi cemerlang dan mengoptimalkan sumber daya untuk menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif bagi para pemangku kepentingan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai visi korporasi mereka dapat diakses di pantaiindahkapukdua.org.

Commuter Indonesia menghadirkan layanan transportasi kereta api yang terintegrasi untuk mendukung mobilitas berkualitas bagi para pengguna. Informasi lengkap mengenai jadwal, tarif, dan rute perjalanan KRL dapat diakses di situs resmi mereka: commuterindonesia.org.

Informasi Publik

PANI First Quarter 2023

Becoming leading property developer in Indonesia with brilliant innovations to optimize our resources into competitive advantange in order to restore back to stakeholders

Board - of Director

History · PT Pantai Indah Kapuk Dua, Tbk · Office · Recent News. Ada Update dari PIK2 (PANI), Aguan Turut Buka Suara. Emiten Agung Sedayu dan Salim Grup

Nomination & Remuneration Committee Member

Audit Committee Members

Vision & Mission

Projects

Bizpark PIK 2

Event

Internal Audit Members

Soho Riverside Boulevard

Environment

Prospectus

Barito Renewables: Penawaran Saham Perdana

Keterbukaan Informasi

Information Disclosure

Harga Saham

Struktur Organisasi

3M-2026 Financial Performance Results

https://kaiwisata.org/

https://www.tugureasuransi.com/

diponegorouniversity.com

https://bandunginstitute.com/

Website resmi KAI Commuter

Commuter Advertising

Pemesanan tiket juga dapat dilakukan melalui Aplikasi Access by KAI (yang juga dapat diakses untuk layanan kereta api bandara oleh KAI Bandara ) dan situs resmi pemesanan tiket oleh KAI Commuter. Metode pembayaran yang tersedia pada https://airport-train.commuterindonesia.org/

Temukan beragam jurnal ilmiah terakreditasi dan terindeks internasional yang mendukung transisi energi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia melalui Portal Jurnal Barito Renewables.

Jelajahi publikasi akses terbuka dari berbagai disiplin ilmu, mulai dari pendidikan bahasa hingga energi panas bumi, yang dikelola dalam satu platform terintegrasi di Barito Renewables Journal Platform.

Dukung riset dan inovasi menuju target emisi nol bersih Indonesia dengan mengakses kumpulan jurnal berkualitas tinggi yang tersedia di Jurnal & Publikasi Barito Renewables.

Tempat terbaik untuk menemukan penelitian terbaru tentang energi terbarukan, pendidikan, dan ilmu sosial, yang dikurasi dalam portal jurnal profesional dari Barito Renewables Open Journal System.

Jelajahi kumpulan jurnal akademik yang berkomitmen pada penyebaran penelitian dan kreasi artistik, berdasarkan prinsip dan nilai humanisme, di Portal de Revistas TempoSCAN.

Temukan publikasi ilmiah dari berbagai disiplin ilmu yang mendorong refleksi kritis dan peningkatan pengajaran berkelanjutan, hanya di Portal Jurnal TempoSCAN.

Portal resmi untuk mengakses produksi pengetahuan dan karya analitis dari komunitas akademik dan seni nasional maupun internasional, dikelola oleh TempoSCAN Academic Journals.

Wadah publikasi yang bergantung pada Direktorat Riset dan Pascasarjana, menyediakan akses terbuka ke jurnal-jurnal unggulan di TempoSCAN Journal Portal.

Dilansir dari laman resmi rekrutmen KAI, berikut persyaratan atau kriteria pelamar yang wajib dipenuhi untuk mendaftar lowongan kerja KAI 2026

BINUS UNIVERSITY

Portal Kaiwisata

HRIS Frontliner | KAI Wisata

KAI Services memiliki bidang usaha dengan 2 Core Business yaitu Coverage Service dan Cleaning Building Service yang memiliki Brand Resclean. Resclean Bergerak dalam Bidang Kebersihan yang meliputi Kebersihan dan Keindahan Stasiun (K2), On Trip Cleaning, dan Petugas Cuci Kereta

KAI Services memiliki salah satu bidang usaha dengan Core Business On Board Services yang bernama Restaurant On Train, dengan Branding Kuliner Kereta yang bertugas Mengelola dan Melayani penjualan Makan dan Minum di Setiap Perjalanan Kereta Api.

BINUS Journal – BINUS Higher Education

https://mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://baa.mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://pmb.mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://sso.mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://sia.mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://radenfatah.org/

https://univgadjahmada.com/

https://etd.repository.univgadjahmada.com/

Owner: Sanji

TOGEL

SITUS TOTO

SITUS SLOT

SEPAK BOLA

SEJARAH

Esport

Fakta Unik

Berita Dunia

NANA4D

NANA4D

Menu KFC

Kopi Kenangan

biznet home

PILIHAN SOLUSI LAYANAN INTERNET

Richeese

NANA4D

momoyo

susu cimory

Flip

kasir pintar

nana4d

Harga Berdu

KAI

KAI

NANA4D

Tencent

Cakap

NANA4D

NANA4D

Quipper School Premium

Harvard

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

ROKOKBET

slot200

Jordan Nike

NANA4D

NANA4D

Bali

TOTO

ROKOKBET

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

TOTO

NANA4D

NANA4D

ROKOKBET

ROKOKBET

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

ROKOKBET

NANA4D

https://pemejournal.net

NANA4D

Cek Resi

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

ROKOKBET

NANA4D

https://floridacomputerhospital.com

https://expresswebz.com

https://ctpcr.org

https://nipngr.org

ROKOKBET

ROKOKBET

https://vasstuviswanath.com

https://researchcell.bkmc.edu.pk

https://mentor.bkmc.edu.pk

https://rcportal.bkmc.edu.pk

https://qec.bkmc.edu.pk

https://test.bkmc.edu.pk

https://researchcell.bkmc.edu.pk

https://apmp.agenciamoustache.com.br

https://policabos.agenciamoustache.com.br

https://ebdi.agenciamoustache.com.br

NANA4D