C-Smile, COCA, and BNC: A Focus on Amplifiers and Adjective Collocations

Yazid Basthomi, Nurenzia Yannuar, Utami Widiati, Rahma Martiningtyas

Abstract


In order to explicate a specific message from statements, amplifiers mostly collocate with particular lexical items referring to evaluation, judgment, or attitude. Using six types of amplifiers consisting of absolutely, completely, entirely, fully, totally, and utterly, the research intends to elicit kinds of adjective collocation that follow each of the amplifiers. Three different corpora of non-native and native speakers of English are used in order to see the common pattern of amplifiers and their collocations as well as to compare their use in different contexts and among users of English. The results show that the collocations are varied in the sense that each corpus provides a number of adjectives in which some of them are similar to the ones occurring in the other corpora and some others only occur in a particular corpus. Specific evaluations of amplifiers viewed from their adjective collocations fall under three basic categories of positive, negative, and neutral values. By investigating and comparing amplifiers and collocations used in non-native and native academic writings, the findings of the present study point to the fact that each amplifier constitutes specific evaluations.

 

Keywords:  amplifiers; adjective collocations; academic writing; native speakers; non-native speakers

 

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Bäcklund, U. (1973). The Collocation of Adverbs of Degree in English. PhD Diss. Uppsala University.

Baker, P. (2006). Using Corpora in Discourse Analysis. London: Continuum.

Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R. (Eds.). (1998). Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge University Press.

Biber, D., Stig J., Leech G., & Quirk, R. (2000). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education.

Bill Louw. (2000). Contextual prosodic theory: bringing semantic prosodies to life‟ in C. Heffer, H. Sauntson and G. Fox (eds.) Words in Context: A Tribute to John Sinclair on his Retirement. Birmingham: University of Birmingham.

British National Corpus (BNC). Brigham Young University. (Online), (http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc), accessed on Feb 1, 2014.

Changhu Zhang. (2010). An Overview of Corpus-based Studies of Semantic Prosody. Asian Social Science, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 190-194.

Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Brigham Young University. (Online), (http://corpus.byu.edu/coca), accessed on Feb 1, 2014.

Daniel Wiechmann & Fuhs. (2006). Concordancing Software. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistics Theory, 2-1: 109-130.

Douglas Biber. (1993). Representativeness in Corpus Design. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 8, Issue 4, Oxford University Press, pp. 243-257.

Graeme Kennedy. (2003). Amplifier Collocations in the British National Corpus: Implications for English Language Teaching. TESOL Quarterly Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 467-477.

Granger, S. (1998). Prefabricated Patterns in Advanced EFL Writing: Collocations and Formulae, in Cowie A. P. (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, Analysis and Applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 145-159.

Granger, S and Rayson, P. (1998). Automatic Profiling of Learner Texts. In S. Granger (ed.) Learner English on Computer. Longman, London and New York, pp. 119-131.

Howarth P. (1998): Phraseology and Second Language Proficiency, „Applied Linguistics”, t. XIX, Oxford, s. 24–44.

Ito, Rika and Sali Tagliamonte. (2003). Well weird, right dodgy, very strange, really cool: Layering and Recycling in English Intensifiers. Language in Society 32: 257-279.

Justyna Leśniewska. (2006). Collocations and Second Language Use. Studia Linguiastica, Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 123, pp. 95-105.

Justyna Leśniewska. (2006a). Is Cross-Linguistic Influence a Factor in Advanced EFL Learners’ Use of Collocations? [w:] J. Arabski red. Cross-Linguistic Influences in the Second Lan-guage Lexicon, Clevedon, s. 65–77.

Katerina Skobrankova. (2006). Six English Intensifying Adverbs. Thesis. (Online), (http://is.muni.cz/th/75314/ff_b/Diplomka.pdf), accessed on Feb 4, 2014.

Leonardo Juliano Recski. (2004). “…It’s Really Ultimately Very Cruel…” – Contrasting English Intensifier Collocations Across EFL Writings and Academic Spoken Discourse. D.E.L.T.A, Vol 20:2, pp. 211-234.

Lorenz, G. (1999). Adjective Intensification – Learners versus Native Speakers: A corpus study of argumentative writing. Amsterdam: Rodopi.

Michael Stubbs. (1995). Collocations and Semantic Profiles: On The Cause of The Trouble With Quantitative Studies. Functions of Language, 2, 1, pp. 1-33.

Partington, A. (1998). Patterns and Meanings. Using corpora for English language research and teaching, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Partington, A. (2004). Utterly Content in Each Other’s Company: Semantic prosody and semantic preference. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 9(1), 131-156.

Paul Rayson & Roger Garside. (2000). Comparing Corpora using Frequency Profiling. Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.

Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Harlow, Essex: Longman.

Richard Xiao & Hongyin Tao. (2007). A Corpus-Based Sociolinguistic Study of Amplifiers in British English. Sociolinguistic Studies, Vol 1.2, ISSN: 1750-8649 (print), ISSN: 1750-8657 (online). DOI: 10.1558/sols.v1i2.241.

Sali Tagliamonte. (2008). So different and pretty cool! Recycling intensifiers in Toronto, Canada. English Language and Linguistics. 12 (2): 361-394.

Wachter, A. R.( 2012). Semantic Prosody and Intensifier Variation in Academic Speech. M.A Thesis. University of Michigan, Athens, Georgia.

Weimin Zhang. (2009). Semantic Prosody and ESL/EFL Vocabulary Pedagogy. TESL Canada Journal, Vol. 26, No 2.

Wittouck, H. (2011). A Corpus-Based Study on the Rise and Grammaticalisation of Intensifiers in British and American English. Master Dissertation. Universiteit Gent, Belgium.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

 

 

eISSN : 2550-2247

ISSN : 0128-5157

https://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/

SITUS TOTO

Toto 4D

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

SLOT88

NANA4D

SLOT88

SLOT88

SITUS TOTO

SITUS TOTO

https://choicemg.com/

Untuk artikel-artikel serupa dan berbagai topik menarik lainnya, silakan eksplorasi lebih lanjut di Angkerzone.com.

Committed to creating a positive impact beyond returns, Barito Renewables integrates ESG principles into its core business objectives. They prioritize public health, safety, and community respect while making critical investments in clean energy. More about their ESG approach can be found at baritorenewables.org.

PT Pantai Indah Kapuk Dua, Tbk (PANI) adalah pengembang properti terkemuka di Indonesia yang berkomitmen menghadirkan inovasi cemerlang dan mengoptimalkan sumber daya untuk menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif bagi para pemangku kepentingan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai visi korporasi mereka dapat diakses di pantaiindahkapukdua.org.

Commuter Indonesia menghadirkan layanan transportasi kereta api yang terintegrasi untuk mendukung mobilitas berkualitas bagi para pengguna. Informasi lengkap mengenai jadwal, tarif, dan rute perjalanan KRL dapat diakses di situs resmi mereka: commuterindonesia.org.

Informasi Publik

PANI First Quarter 2023

Becoming leading property developer in Indonesia with brilliant innovations to optimize our resources into competitive advantange in order to restore back to stakeholders

Board - of Director

History · PT Pantai Indah Kapuk Dua, Tbk · Office · Recent News. Ada Update dari PIK2 (PANI), Aguan Turut Buka Suara. Emiten Agung Sedayu dan Salim Grup

Nomination & Remuneration Committee Member

Audit Committee Members

Vision & Mission

Projects

Bizpark PIK 2

Event

Internal Audit Members

Soho Riverside Boulevard

Environment

Prospectus

Barito Renewables: Penawaran Saham Perdana

Keterbukaan Informasi

Information Disclosure

Harga Saham

Struktur Organisasi

3M-2026 Financial Performance Results

https://kaiwisata.org/

https://www.tugureasuransi.com/

diponegorouniversity.com

https://bandunginstitute.com/

Website resmi KAI Commuter

Commuter Advertising

Pemesanan tiket juga dapat dilakukan melalui Aplikasi Access by KAI (yang juga dapat diakses untuk layanan kereta api bandara oleh KAI Bandara ) dan situs resmi pemesanan tiket oleh KAI Commuter. Metode pembayaran yang tersedia pada https://airport-train.commuterindonesia.org/

Temukan beragam jurnal ilmiah terakreditasi dan terindeks internasional yang mendukung transisi energi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia melalui Portal Jurnal Barito Renewables.

Jelajahi publikasi akses terbuka dari berbagai disiplin ilmu, mulai dari pendidikan bahasa hingga energi panas bumi, yang dikelola dalam satu platform terintegrasi di Barito Renewables Journal Platform.

Dukung riset dan inovasi menuju target emisi nol bersih Indonesia dengan mengakses kumpulan jurnal berkualitas tinggi yang tersedia di Jurnal & Publikasi Barito Renewables.

Tempat terbaik untuk menemukan penelitian terbaru tentang energi terbarukan, pendidikan, dan ilmu sosial, yang dikurasi dalam portal jurnal profesional dari Barito Renewables Open Journal System.

Jelajahi kumpulan jurnal akademik yang berkomitmen pada penyebaran penelitian dan kreasi artistik, berdasarkan prinsip dan nilai humanisme, di Portal de Revistas TempoSCAN.

Temukan publikasi ilmiah dari berbagai disiplin ilmu yang mendorong refleksi kritis dan peningkatan pengajaran berkelanjutan, hanya di Portal Jurnal TempoSCAN.

Portal resmi untuk mengakses produksi pengetahuan dan karya analitis dari komunitas akademik dan seni nasional maupun internasional, dikelola oleh TempoSCAN Academic Journals.

Wadah publikasi yang bergantung pada Direktorat Riset dan Pascasarjana, menyediakan akses terbuka ke jurnal-jurnal unggulan di TempoSCAN Journal Portal.

Dilansir dari laman resmi rekrutmen KAI, berikut persyaratan atau kriteria pelamar yang wajib dipenuhi untuk mendaftar lowongan kerja KAI 2026

BINUS UNIVERSITY

Portal Kaiwisata

HRIS Frontliner | KAI Wisata

KAI Services memiliki bidang usaha dengan 2 Core Business yaitu Coverage Service dan Cleaning Building Service yang memiliki Brand Resclean. Resclean Bergerak dalam Bidang Kebersihan yang meliputi Kebersihan dan Keindahan Stasiun (K2), On Trip Cleaning, dan Petugas Cuci Kereta

KAI Services memiliki salah satu bidang usaha dengan Core Business On Board Services yang bernama Restaurant On Train, dengan Branding Kuliner Kereta yang bertugas Mengelola dan Melayani penjualan Makan dan Minum di Setiap Perjalanan Kereta Api.

BINUS Journal – BINUS Higher Education

https://mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://baa.mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://pmb.mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://sso.mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://sia.mercubuana-yogya.id/

https://radenfatah.org/

https://univgadjahmada.com/

https://etd.repository.univgadjahmada.com/

Owner: Sanji

TOGEL

SITUS TOTO

SITUS SLOT

SEPAK BOLA

SEJARAH

Esport

Fakta Unik

Berita Dunia

NANA4D

NANA4D

Menu KFC

Kopi Kenangan

biznet home

PILIHAN SOLUSI LAYANAN INTERNET

Richeese

NANA4D

momoyo

susu cimory

Flip

kasir pintar

nana4d

Harga Berdu

KAI

KAI

NANA4D

Tencent

Cakap

NANA4D

NANA4D

Quipper School Premium

Harvard

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

ROKOKBET

slot200

Jordan Nike

NANA4D

NANA4D

Bali

TOTO

ROKOKBET

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

TOTO

NANA4D

NANA4D

ROKOKBET

ROKOKBET

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

ROKOKBET

NANA4D

https://pemejournal.net

NANA4D

Cek Resi

NANA4D

NANA4D

NANA4D

ROKOKBET

NANA4D

https://floridacomputerhospital.com

https://expresswebz.com

https://ctpcr.org

https://nipngr.org

ROKOKBET

ROKOKBET

https://vasstuviswanath.com

https://researchcell.bkmc.edu.pk

https://mentor.bkmc.edu.pk

https://rcportal.bkmc.edu.pk

https://qec.bkmc.edu.pk

https://test.bkmc.edu.pk

https://researchcell.bkmc.edu.pk

https://apmp.agenciamoustache.com.br

https://policabos.agenciamoustache.com.br

https://ebdi.agenciamoustache.com.br

NANA4D